日粮精粗比对绒山羊粪尿中主要污染物产污性能的影响  

Effects of Dietary Concentrate to Roughage Ratio on Production Performance of Pollutants in Feces and Urine of Cashmere Goats

作　　者：张静[1] 张晓东 李科南 杜海东 娜梅拉 郭文亮 柳淑伟 娜仁花[1] ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Xiaodong;LI Kenan;DU Haidong;Nameila;GUO Wenliang;LIU Shuwei;Narenhua(College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2025年第1期77-82,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区重大专项课题(2021ZD0012);内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划(NMGIRT2322);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR22-13-02)。

摘　　要：该文旨在研究不同精粗比日粮对内蒙古绒山羊产污性能的影响。试验选取18只体况良好、体重相近(19.85±0.49 kg)的5月龄内蒙古绒山羊公羊,以苜蓿干草为粗饲料,以玉米、精料补充料为混合精料,日粮精粗比分别设为40∶60、30∶70和20∶80,预试期10 d,正试期60 d,试验结束采集粪尿分析其污染指标的变化。结果表明,不同精粗比日粮组绒山羊排鲜粪量差异显著(P<0.05),40∶60组的排粪量比30:70组、20:80组分别提高了33.62%、59.44%,而含水率以及排尿量受精粗比的影响较小(P>0.05);不同组间铜、锌的产污系数差异显著(P<0.05),40∶60组铜、锌的产污系数最高,分别为4.56 mg/d和33.29 mg/d,均高于30∶70组和20∶80组,而氮、磷的产污系数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。由研究结果可见,随着日粮精料比例的增加,绒山羊的产污量提高,粪便中铜、锌含量增加,因此,应根据羊的营养需求合理配制饲料配方,提高其生产力的同时减少对环境的污染。该研究可为规模化养殖场根据日粮精粗比变化调整粪污处理方式提供理论依据。This study aims to investigate the effects of different concentrate-to-roughage ratios of diet on the pollutant production performance of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats.Eighteen male cashmere goats,aged 5 months and with similar body conditions(19.85±0.49 kg),were selected for the experiment.Alfalfa hay was used as the roughage,while corn and concentrate supplements were combined to form mixed concentrates.The concentrate-to-roughage ratios were set at 40∶60,30∶70,and 20∶80.Following a 10-day pretest,a 60-day experiment was conducted.Feces and urine samples were collected to analyze the pollution indicators at the end of the experiment.The results indicated significant differences in fresh feces output among the dietary groups(P<0.05),with the 40∶60 group producing 33.62%and 59.44%more feces than the 30∶70 and 20∶80 groups,respectively.However,the water content and urine output were less affected by the concentrate-to-roughage ratio(P>0.05).Significant differences in the pollution coefficients for copper and zinc were observed among the groups(P<0.05),with the 40∶60 group exhibiting the highest pollution coefficients at 4.56 mg/d and 33.29 mg/d,respectively,surpassing those of the 30∶70 and 20∶80 groups.No significant differences were found for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution coefficients(P>0.05).The study results suggest that increasing the proportion of concentrates in the diet leads to higher pollution output from cashmere goats,alongside an increase in the copper and zinc content of the feces.Therefore,to enhance productivity while minimizing environmental pollution,it is essential to formulate feed recipes according to the nutritional needs of the goats.This research provides a theoretical basis for large-scale farming operations to adjust feces management practices based on changes in the concentrate-to-roughage ratio.

关 键 词：日粮精粗比 绒山羊 产污系数 排粪量 排尿量 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S827.5[农业科学—畜牧兽医] X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]