长期施用新鲜与腐熟畜禽粪肥土壤溶解性有机质与微生物群落的特征及其关联性  

Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Microbial Communities Under Long-Term Application of Fresh and Composted Manure

作　　者：袁慧琳 李雅莹 顾文杰 徐培智 卢钰升 孙丽丽 周昌敏 黎婉玲 仇荣亮 YUAN HuiLin;LI YaYing;GU WenJie;XU PeiZhi;LU YuSheng;SUN LiLi;ZHOU ChangMin;LI WanLing;QIU RongLiang(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University/Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Laboratory of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510642;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southern Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Resource Recycling and Cultivated Land Conservation/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Soil Microorganisms and Cultivated Land Conservation/Maoming Sub-center of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642 [2]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点试验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点试验室/广东省土壤微生物与耕地保育工程技术研究中心/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,广州510640

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第2期307-325,共19页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0202020001);广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212050020、2019B121201003);国家自然科学基金(41807031);“十四五”广东省农业科技创新九大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SDZG09);广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0925);广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515011211);广东省农业科学院“十四五”新兴学科团队项目(202121TD);广东省农业农村厅农业科研类及技术推广示范类项目(2023-440000-51021100-0048);广东省农业科学院人才培养项目(R2023PY-JX019、R2021QD-030);广东省农业科学院人才引进项目(R2021YJ-QG007)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新鲜与腐熟鸡/猪粪长期施用下土壤溶解性有机质(DOM)的光学组分特征及其与微生物群落多样性和组成间的内在联系,为红壤区绿色循环农业实施策略的制定提供土壤生态方向的理论依据。【方法】基于国家土壤质量广州红壤观测试验站连续11年(2011—2022)的玉米-玉米-包菜轮作定位试验,包括5个处理,分别为不施肥对照、腐熟鸡粪、新鲜鸡粪、腐熟猪粪和新鲜猪粪。采集表层土壤样品,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序测定微生物群落,同时分析土壤DOM紫外-吸收特征及荧光吸收特征,测定相关化学性质,基于多元分析解析主要影响因子。【结果】腐熟粪肥显著提高了土壤有机质含量(122.5%—354.8%),腐熟鸡粪能有效提高土壤速效磷(1697.2%—3455.3%)和全磷(587.5%—812.5%)含量,腐熟猪粪主要提高土壤碱解氮(286.6%—311.3%)和全氮(326.4%—373.6%)含量。畜禽粪肥施用均显著提高了土壤DOM含量(60.3%—227.8%),其中猪粪处理对有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)含量提升效果最佳(118.1%—231.7%),鸡粪处理则增加土壤荧光溶解性有机质(FDOM)含量(293.4%—834.9%),且腐熟粪肥效果更佳(834.9%)。FDOM特征指标中,施肥处理的自生源指数均低于对照组(33.2%—39.2%),但腐殖化指数均高于对照组(40.3%—43.3%)。经平行因子分析拆分出4个荧光组分,施肥处理均主要富集C3(含富里酸和胡敏酸的中分子类腐殖质)和C4组分(含类色氨酸的大分子类腐殖质),促进FDOM类蛋白质成分转化为类腐殖质物质,且腐熟粪肥处理土壤C3与C4组分的最大荧光强度更高。腐熟鸡粪处理土壤具有更高微生物群落丰富度(Chao 1指数:19065.6)和多样性(Shannon指数:5.6—6.0),在提高微生物群落α多样性方面更具优势。不同处理对土壤微生物群落组成的影响存在差异,鸡粪处理以富营养类群Proteobacteria(31.2%—33.0%)、Gemmatimonadetes(4.1%)为主,猪粪处理以寡营�【Objective】This experiment was conducted to investigate the optical properties of dissolved organic matter(DOM)and the intrinsic relationship with soil microbial communities diversity and structure under long-term application of fresh and composted chicken/pig manure,so as to provide a theoretical reference of soil ecology for the implementation of recycling agriculture in the red soil area.【Method】Based on an 11-year(2011-2022)long-term experiment(sweet corn-sweet corn-cabbage rotation)of the National Soil Quality Guangzhou Red Soil Observatory Experiment Station,the fertilization regimes included no manure,chicken manure organic fertilizer,fresh chicken manure,fresh pig manure organic fertilizer,and fresh pig manure.Surface soil samples were collected and subjected to soil chemical properties determination,DOM UV-absorption characterization,parallel factor analysis of DOM fluorescence absorption characteristics,and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing,respectively.The main influencing factors were analyzed based on multivariate analysis.【Result】The composted manure significantly increased soil organic matter(122.5%-354.8%)and nutrient content,among which the chicken manure source treatments effectively increased soil available phosphorus content(1697.2%-3455.3%)and total phosphorus content(587.5%-812.5%),while swine manure source treatments mainly increased soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content(286.6%-311.3%)and total nitrogen content(326.4%-373.6%).Livestock manure applications,especially the composted manure,increased soil DOM content(60.3%-227.8%),among which the swine manure source treatments had a better effect on chromophoric dissolved organic matter content(118.1%-231.7%).In contrast,the chicken manure source treatments focused on increasing soil fluorescent dissolved organic matter(FDOM)content(293.4%-834.9%).For FDOM characteristic indexes,the biological index of manure application treatments was lower than that under CK(33.2%-39.2%),but the humification index was higher than that under C

关 键 词：长期施肥 畜禽粪肥 轮作土壤 微生物群落结构 溶解性有机质 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]