换刑圈禁与清代皇族议罪体制的变革  

Substitution of Punishment by Imprisonment and the Reform of the Qing Dynasty's Imperial Clansmen Punishment System

作　　者：陶志鑫 TAO Zhixin(The Institute of Qing History,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《清史研究》2025年第1期76-87,共12页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中国人民大学清史研究所重大项目“清代政教关系与地方治理研究”(22JJD7F0062)资助成果。

摘　　要：换刑圈禁是清代皇族议罪的主要方式,其将皇族议罪纳入清律五刑原则之内,协调了皇族内部的法律秩序,深刻影响着清代皇族面貌。为解决清入关之初皇族议罪与清律分离,以及皇族内部中宗室与觉罗量刑不一的问题,雍正十二年正式基于清律五刑确立皇族换刑圈禁制度。乾隆、嘉庆、道光三朝进行换刑圈禁改革,使得皇族议罪不断靠近清律。换刑圈禁修例及实际执行过程中虽有折冲调整,但均本于清律原则。在清皇族换刑圈禁制度的背后,是清朝以塑造皇族道德形象来保障统治合法性,并通过强化法律一元以使多元一统国家治理有序的统治理念。The substitution of punishment by imprisonment(huanxing quanjin) was the main method of punishment for the imperial clansmen in Qing Dynasty. This method incorporated the punishment of the imperial clansmen into Great Qing Legal Code, coordinated the legal order within the imperial clansmen, and influenced the appearance of the Qing Dynasty's imperial clansmen. To address the inconsistency between the imperial clansmen punishment and the Qing law, as well as the issue of different sentencing between the Zongshi and Gioro, the system of substitution of punishment by imprisonment was officially established in the twelfth year of the Yongzheng reign. The reforms of the Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang periods brought the punishment of the imperial clansmen closer to the legal provisions of the Qing Dynasty.Although there were twists and turns in the process of reform and implementation, they were all based on the principle of Qing law. The substitution of punishment by imprisonment reflects the Qing Dynasty's philosophy of shaping the moral image of the imperial clansmen to ensure the legitimacy of its rule and strengthening the rule of law to ensure orderly governance of a diverse and unified country.

关 键 词：皇族 换刑 圈禁 大清律例 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]