清代云南科举宾兴与边疆文教治理  

The Binxing Yunnan Imperial Examination and the Governance of Frontier Culture and Education in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：秦磊 QIN Lei(School of History and Archives,Yunnan University)

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《清史研究》2025年第1期109-123,共15页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大项目“大历史观视野下的中国边疆治理与中华民族共同体意识互构关系研究”(23VLS016);云南大学研究生科研创新项目(KC-23234814)。

摘　　要：作为边疆社会开展的公益助考活动,宾兴与慈善机构有着类似的发展逻辑和公益性质。清代云南宾兴开展的动因,一方面在于会试盘费政策弊端以及童、乡试中国家资助的缺位,另一方面在于云南士子赴考距离辽远,还面临收取应考费用和陋规的现象。云南宾兴创设采取两种模式,分别为专项基金与附设文教机构,具有小家庭结构特征。作为联结文教治边理念和文教举措的“中层纽带”,宾兴不仅具有推广崇儒尚学之风、净化世风民俗之效,还增加应考人数,惠及广大士子,实际上已通过民众教化和登科入仕缔造国家认同意识,成为维系边疆社会稳定、实现间接治理的有效途径。As a philanthropic assistance effort enacted in frontier society,Binxing had a similar development logic and public welfare nature as charitable organizations.The reason for the development of the Yunnan Binxing in the Qing Dynasty,on the one hand,was the impediment of the Metropolitan Examination fee policy and the absence of state funding for the Preliminary Civil Service Examination and Provincial Examination,and on the other hand,many Yunnan candidates had to travel long distances to the entrance examination site,and they also faced the burden of entrance examination fees and corrupt rules.The Yunnan Binxing adopted two approaches,special funding and attached cultural and educational institutions,which had the characteristics of a small family structure.As a“middle-level link”connecting the concept of cultural and educational governance of border areas and measures of culture and education,Binxing not only had the efect of promoting the spirit of respect for Confucianism and learning and purifying the customs and folkways,but also increased the number of students taking the exam and benefited many scholars.In fact,Binxing created a sense of national identity through public education and enrollment and became an effective way to maintain social stability in the border area and realize indirect governance.

关 键 词：清代 云南 宾兴 边疆治理 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]