加权特征参数信息重构方法及其在主轴承故障诊断中的应用  

Weighted feature parameter information reconstruction method and its application in main bearing fault diagnosis

作　　者：赵俊豪 栾孝驰 沙云东 ZHAO Junhao;LUAN Xiaochi;SHA Yundong(Key Laboratory of Advanced Measurement and Test Technique for Aviation Propulsion System,Liaoning Province,School of Aero-Engine,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院、辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《推进技术》2025年第1期253-263,共11页Journal of Propulsion Technology

基　　金：中国航发产学研合作项目(HFZL2018CXY017)。

摘　　要：为解决航空发动机内滚动轴承微弱故障识别受到环境噪声干扰和重要信息易被忽略的问题,提出一种新的加权特征参数信息重构方法,并将其运用到航空发动机的主轴承故障检测中。该方法首先采用粒子群算法(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)优化变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposi-tion,VMD)中的参数,得到K0个模态分量;然后提出一种新的加权特征参数信息重构公式,将所有模态分量按照该公式进行加权重构,过滤噪声成分,并更大程度地保留有效信息;最后对重构信号进行包络分析提取出轴承故障特征信息。通过对航空发动机中介轴承试验故障数据进行分析,得到结论:该方法可降低噪声成分对整体信号的干扰,有效突显出故障特征信息,诊断强背景噪声强干扰工况下的轴承微弱故障,因此是一种有效的用于航空发动机主轴轴承故障特征提取与诊断的方法之一。经仿真信号计算,降噪后的信号峰值因子提升1.62 d B,有效增强了冲击性成分。To address the issue of weak fault detection in rolling bearings within aircraft engines,which is often hampered by environmental noise interference and the potential oversight of critical information,a novel weighted feature parameter information reconstruction method is proposed.This method is then applied to the fault detection of main bearings in aircraft engines.Firstly,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed to optimize the parameters in the variational mode decomposition(VMD),obtaining K0 modal components.Then,a novel weighted feature parameter information reconstruction formula is proposed to reconstruct all modal components by filtering out noise components and retaining effective information to the greatest extent.Finally,envelope analysis is performed on the reconstructed signals to extract bearing fault characteristic information.Through analysis of experimental fault data from intermediate bearings in aircraft engines,it is concluded that this method can reduce the interference of noise components on the overall signal,effectively highlight fault characteristic information,and diagnose weak faults in bearings under conditions of strong background noise interference.Therefore,it is considered an effective method for extracting and diagnosing fault characteristics in main shaft bearings of aircraft engines.Through simulation signal calculation,the signal peak factor after noise reduction increases by 1.62 dB,which effectively enhances the impact component.

关 键 词：航空发动机 滚动轴承 加权特征参数信息重构 故障诊断 变分模态分解 

分 类 号：V231.92[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]