泰沂山区板栗高效管理关键技术的应用效果  

Improvement and application of key technologies for efficient integration of chestnut in Taishan and Yimeng Mountain Area

作　　者：刘伟 赵晓伟 田寿乐[2] 孙晓莉[2] 沈广宁[2] 王金平 LIU Wei;ZHAO Xiaowei;TIAN Shoule;SUN Xiaoli;SHEN Guangning;WANG Jinping(Fruit and Tea Service Center of Fei County,Linyi,Shandong 273400,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai'an,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]费县果茶服务中心,山东临沂273400 [2]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《落叶果树》2024年第6期12-16,共5页Deciduous Fruits

基　　金：2023年山东省重点研发计划(2023TZXD075);2023年山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划(SDNYXTTG-2023-5)。

摘　　要：研究比较了板栗品种蒙早实施4种关键技术在山地栽培的应用效果。结果表明,低干平冠树形的树体矮小,盛果期高度1.4m,方便管理,适合矮密栽植;低干多头嫁接技术,树体高度增长慢,适于低干平冠树形;残落物蓄水保墒技术可有效蓄积自然降水,第2年春季土壤含量水达17.8%,为当年丰产提供保障;病虫害精准防治技术,调整防治关键期,使胴枯病防治成本降低79%,红蜘蛛防治成本降低50.9%,虫口数下降62.5%;桃蛀螟虫口率仅为3.5%,较传统防治方法大幅下降。促进了泰沂山区板栗的集约化、省力化、节本增效栽培技术的推广。The application effects of four key techniques of chestnut variety mengzao in mountain cultivation were studied and compared.The results showed that the low dry-flat crown tree form had obvious characteristics of short stature,and the height of the tree during the full fruit period was 1.4 m,which was convenient for management and suitable for short and dense planting.The application of low dry grafting with multi-scion resulted in slow growth of tree height and fast resumption of production,making it suitable for low or dwarf tree forms such as low dry-flat crown tree form.The application of deciduous material keeping water can effectively accumulate natural precipitation,and the soil quality content in the spring of the second year achieved to 17.8%,which can ensure high yields for the year.By applying precise pest and disease control techniques and adjusting the key prevention and control periods,the cost of controlling chestnut blight was reduced by 79%,the cost of controlling red spider mites was reduced by 50.9%,and the number of insect populations was reduced by 62.5%;The population rate of peach borers is only 3.5%,which is significantly lower than traditional control methods.The above methods have promoted the promotion of intensive,labor-saving,and cost-effective cultivation techniques for chestnuts in the Taiyi Mountain Area.

关 键 词：板栗 树形 残落物 保墒 病虫害 精准防治 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]