低产枣园改良纺锤形树体改造效果试验  

Experiment about spindle shape treeform of low yield jujube orchard

作　　者：牛锦凤 李国 张广亮 仇智虎 祝蒙蒙 孙婷 NIU Jinfeng;LI Guo;ZHANG Guangliang;QIU Zhihu;ZHU Mengmeng;SUN Ting(Ningxia State owned Forest Farm and Tree Seedling Work Station,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001,China;Ningxia Baofeng Ecological Pasture Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001,China;Ningxia Forest Rights Service and Industrial Development Center,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001,China;Ningxia Forestry and Grassland Bureau Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏国有林场和林木种苗工作总站,宁夏银川750001 [2]宁夏林权服务与产业发展中心,宁夏银川750001 [3]宁夏宝丰生态牧场有限公司,宁夏银川750001 [4]宁夏林业和草原局,宁夏银川750001

出　　处：《落叶果树》2024年第6期27-31,共5页Deciduous Fruits

基　　金：中央财政林业技术推广示范项目-红枣纺锤形树体改造和优质丰产配套技术示范推广([2022]ZY04)。

摘　　要：对11年生主干多头形低产梨枣和骏枣树进行了改良纺锤形树体改造试验。春季所有主枝留10 cm重回缩,刻芽促发枣头,选择直立强旺的枣头做中心干培养,长势中庸的枣头做单轴延伸的主枝培养。经3年基本成形,主干高度70~90 cm,单轴延伸的主枝9~12个,冠幅2.7m,主枝长1.7m;配套以综合管理措施,改造当年平均666.7 m^(2)产量分别为66 kg、89 kg,第2年302kg、285 kg,第3年666 kg、588 kg果实品质得到提高,单果重略有增大;改造第3年可溶性固形物含量分别为31.0%、31.6%,比改造前分别提高3个、6.6个百分点;优质果率分别达95.0%、94.0%,比改造前分别提高12.5个、8个百分点,病果裂果率显著减少。优质果率达到93%以上,效果明显。A modified fusiform tree transformation experiment was carried out on 11-year-old main stem multi-head-shaped low-yielding pear jujube and steed jujube trees.In spring,all main branches were 10 cm heavy retraction in spring,carve buds to promote the development of jujube head,select the upright and strong jujube head to be the center stem training,and the moderate jujube head to be the main branch training of uniaxial extension,and the main branch training.After 3 years,the tree is basically formed,the height of the trunk is 70~90 cm,uniaxial extension of the main branch 9~12,the crown width is 2.7 m and the main branch length is 1.7 m.With integrated management measures,the average yield of 666.7 m^(2) is 66 kg and 89 kg respectively in the year of tree reconstruction,302 kg and 285 kg in the second year,666 kg and 588 kg in the third year,fruit quality is improved.Single fruit weight increased slightly.The contents of soluble solids is 31.0% and 31.6% respectively in the third year of tree reconstruction,compared with before the reconstruction of tree body,it is increased by 3 and 6.6 percentage points.The high quality fruit rate was 95.0% and 94.0%,12.5 and 8 percentage points higher than before the transformation respectively.The cracking rate of diseased fruit is significantly reduced.The high quality fruit rate reached more than 93%,and the effect was obvious.

关 键 词：枣 低产园 纺锤形 树体改造 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]