本质·异化·复归:马克思对“人与自然关系”之谜的初步解答及其当代价值  

Essence-Alienation-Restoration:Marx’s Preliminary Solution to the Mystery of“Human-Nature Relationship”and Its Contemporary Significance

作　　者：陈海若 Chen Hairuo(School of Marxism,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院,北京100872

出　　处：《宁夏党校学报》2025年第1期39-48,共10页Journal of the Party School of the CPC Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Committee

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国式现代化的理论内涵与实现路径研究”(22&ZD012);中国人民大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究院课题“马克思恩格斯现代化思想”(2024RDXY01)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：处理好人与自然的关系是关乎人的存在和发展的基础性问题,也是解决当前环境危机的关键所在。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思不仅从本质维度揭示了人与自然在对象性活动中相互确证的关系,也对资本主义社会中人与自然关系的异化形态及其根源进行了全面剖析,并以私有财产的积极扬弃和共产主义指认了人与自然关系的复归路径,以“本质—异化—复归”的逻辑理路通达了“人与自然关系”之谜的初步解答。这些思想观点不仅是马克思探索“历史之谜”的原初体现,也是将哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义相结合的最初形态,构成了马克思主义关于人与自然关系思想的理论起点,在进一步全面深化改革、推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化的进程中彰显出愈来愈鲜明的时代价值。Managing the relationship between humans and nature is a foundational issue concerning human existence and development,as well as a critical element in addressing the current environmental crisis.In the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Marx not only reveals the essential dimension of the reciprocal confirmation between humans and nature in their objective activities but also provides a comprehensive analysis of the alienated forms of the human-nature relationship in capitalist society and their underlying causes.He identifies the path to restoring this relationship through the positive transcendence of private property and the vision of communism.By constructing the logical trajectory of“essence–alienation–restoration”,Marx offers a preliminary resolution to the mystery of the“human-nature relationship”.These ideas not only represent the initial embodiment of Marx’s exploration of the“mystery of history”but also signify the earliest integration of philosophy,political economy,and scientific socialism,forming the theoretical starting point of Marxist thought on the human-nature relationship.In contemporary times,these ideas increasingly demonstrate their profound relevance and value.

关 键 词：人与自然关系 《1844年经济学哲学手稿》 生态文明建设 人与自然和谐共生 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]