水分和基质条件对六种半附生榕树种子萌发特性的影响  

Seed germination characteristics of common hemi-epiphytic figs in Xishuangbanna,Southwest China

作　　者：邹璜 莫雨轩 王治鹏 宋亮[1] ZOU Huang;MO Yuxuan;WANG Zhipeng;SONG Liang(CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Pu’er University,Pu’er 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态重点实验室,勐腊666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]普洱学院,普洱665000

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第6期21-30,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171529);勐仑中学热带雨林生态恢复试点项目(E2HX021B01);云南省基础研究专项计划面上项目(202101AT070059);云南省中青年科学与技术带头人后备人才项目(2019HB040);云南省高层次人才培养支持计划青年拔尖人才项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-066);中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园“十四五”科技创新规划(E3ZKFF7B01)。

摘　　要：榕树经常被选作目标树种用于热带植被恢复实践中,利用半附生榕树的“绞杀”过程进行恢复,将可能探索出一种全新的热带森林恢复技术。为探究如何有效提升半附生榕树种子的萌发率,提高其野外建成的成功率等,以西双版纳地区六种常见半附生榕树为对象,通过室内萌发实验,探究水分(高、中和低)、基质(人工基质、自然基质和空白对照)及其互作对其萌发过程的影响,并通过人工辅助装置进行半附生榕树种子的野外萌发实践。结果表明:水分显著影响半附生榕树的各项萌发特征指标,低水分条件处理显著降低了种子的最终萌发率(F=102.37,P<0.01)、平均萌发时间(F=3.22,P<0.05)和累积萌发速率(F=123.93,P<0.01),基质及其与水分的交互作用则对半附生榕树种子的最终萌发率、萌发开始和累积萌发速率有显著影响(P<0.05)。相较于室内环境,半附生榕树种子在野外的萌发率显著降低,萌发时间延长,萌发速率下降(P<0.05),说明严酷多变的野外生境对半附生榕树种子的萌发产生明显的抑制效应。研究认为,通过提供有效着生位点和充分供水的人工基质可促进半附生榕树种子在宿主树上的萌发,利用半附生榕树的“绞杀”习性实现退化热带植被的恢复具有一定可行性。Ficus trees are often selected as the target species for tropical vegetation restoration.The"strangulation"process of hemi-epiphytic figs may be used to explore a new technique for tropical forest restoration.To address how to effectively improve the seed germination rate of hemi-epiphytic figs and increase the success rate of their establishment,the effects of water(high,medium,and low),substrate(artificial substrate,natural substrate,and blank control),and their interactions on seed germination of six common hemi-epiphytic fig spp.in Xishuangbanna were monitored in the laboratory.Germination characteristics of hemi-epiphytic figs were further investigated through a field germination experiment using an artificial auxiliary device.The results showed that water condition had significant effects on the seed germination characteristics of hemi-epiphytic figs,and low water content of the substrate significantly reduced the final germination(F=102.37,P=0.00),mean germination time(F=3.22,P=0.048)and accumulate germination rate(F=123.93,P=0.00),the substrate and its interaction with water had significant effects on the final germination,germination start,and accumulate germination rate of hemi-epiphytic figs(P<0.05).Compared with stable environment in the laboratory,the complex and changeable environment in the field inhibited seed germination of hemi-epiphytic figs,e.g.,the final germination rate was decreased,the mean germination time was prolonged,and the accumulate germination rate was declined(P<0.05).Our study suggests that seed germination of hemi-epiphytic figs can be promoted by providing a suitable site and an artificial substrate with sufficient water,implying that the strangling habit of hemi-epiphytic figs could be used to restore degraded tropical forests.

关 键 词：森林恢复 半附生榕树 种子萌发 水分 基质 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]