国际生态旅游目的地建设背景下青海旅游生态位空间格局研究  

Research on the spatial pattern of Qinghai tourism niche under the background of international eco-tourism destination construction

作　　者：陈正逸 薛华菊 张涛[1,3] 魏铭 CHEN Zhengyi;XUE Huaju;ZHANG Tao;WEI Ming(College of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;College of Economics and Management,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学地理科学学院,西宁810008 [2]青海师范大学经济管理学院,西宁810008 [3]青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,西宁810008

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第6期77-86,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42361038);青海省科学技术厅应用基础研究项目(2023-ZJ-717)。

摘　　要：旅游生态位对优化旅游空间布局,推动区域旅游协调发展具有重大意义。基于生态位理论,构建包括旅游资源维、旅游市场维、社会经济维、旅游环境维的旅游生态位评价指标体系,对2016—2020年青海省两市六州的旅游生态位水平及旅游经济联系度进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)青海省旅游生态位空间上具有“东西强、南北弱”特征,即西宁市、海西州和海东市三地的旅游综合生态位较高,其余五州较弱;(2)青海省两市六州的社会经济生态位差异最大,旅游环境生态位差距较小;(3)青海省旅游生态位发展表现为旅游核心(西宁市)、旅游节点(海西州、海东市)和旅游网络(海南州、黄南州、海北州、玉树州、果洛州)的三级旅游空间发展格局;(4)青海省各州市之间的旅游经济联系度总体较低,并呈现显著的“二八效应”,即西宁市、海东市的旅游经济联系度占全省的80%,其余六州占20%。研究针对三级旅游生态位空间格局提出发展策略,以期为青海省生态旅游空间格局规划和国际生态旅游目的地建设提供理论参考与实践指导。Tourism niche is of great significance to optimize the spatial distribution of tourism and promote the coordinated development of regional tourism.Based on the theory of niche,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of tourism niche,which includes four dimensions:tourism resource dimension,tourism market dimension,socioeconomic dimension,and tourism environment dimension.The paper analyzed the level of tourism niche and the degree of tourism economic linkage in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2020.The results are as follows.(1)The tourism niche of Qinghai Province has the characteristics of“The east and West are strong,the south and north are weak”,that is,the comprehensive niche of Xining City,Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Haidong City is high,but the other five autonomous prefectures are weak.The difference of socio-economic niche between the two cities(Xining and Haidong)and six autonomous prefectures is the biggest,but the difference of tourism environmental niche is small.(3)The development of tourism niche in Qinghai Province shows a three-level spatial development pattern of tourism core(Xining City),tourism node(Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Haidong City)and tourism network(Hainan,Huangnan,Haibei,Yushu and Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture).(4)The tourism economic linkage degree of each state and city in Qinghai Province is generally low,and presents the remarkable“The 80/20 rule”,that is,the tourism economic linkage degree of Xining and Haidong accounts for 80%of the whole province,and the remaining six prefectures account for 20%.In view of the three-level tourism niche spatial pattern,this paper puts forward the corresponding development strategies,and hopes that this paper can provide a theoretical reference and practical guidance for the eco-tourism spatial pattern planning and the construction of international eco-tourism destination in Qinghai Province.

关 键 词：生态位 青海省 旅游经济联系 国际生态旅游目的地 

分 类 号：F592.99[经济管理—旅游管理]