2000—2020年粤港澳大湾区填海造陆对海洋水环境的影响  

Effects of land reclamation Area on marine water environment in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay during 2000-2020

作　　者：杨凯程 臧传富 YANG Kaicheng;ZANG Chuanfu(South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学地理科学学院,广州510631

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第6期147-157,共11页Ecological Science

基　　金：广州市生态园林科技协同创新中心(202206010058);国家杰出青年科学基金(41625001);广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011627)。

摘　　要：近20年来,随着粤港澳大湾区经济的高速发展,土地资源的短缺状况越来越严重。为有效缓解土地资源紧张的问题,大湾区各级政府一直在积极推进各项填海造陆工程。但填海造陆对大湾区的海洋环境造成了什么影响?这是社会公众和科学家们所关注的热点问题。为了研究粤港澳大湾区填海造陆工程对海洋水体环境的影响,笔者对Landsat遥感影像与实测数据进行了遥感反演分析,构建了该地区的五个指标的统计模型,模拟了2000—2020年期间大湾区近岸海域的水质变化,分析了粤港澳大湾区填海造陆工程对海洋水环境的影响。结果表明:粤港澳大湾区在2000年至2020年间填海造陆面积总量约为160 km2。其中,2005年至2010年间填海造陆面积最大,填海造陆活动频繁的区域位于珠江入海口,大多数新增的填海造陆土地被转变为城镇建设用地。大规模的填海造陆对粤港澳地区邻近海域的海洋环境具有影响。研究结果可以为粤港澳大湾区的城市规划和海洋环境的综合管理提供科学依据。In the past 20 years,with the rapid economic development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,the shortage of land resources has become increasingly serious.In order to effectively alleviate the shortage of land resources,governments at all levels in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have been promoting various land reclamation projects.However,what is the impact of land reclamation on the marine environment of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area?This is a hot issue of concern for the public and scientists.To study the impact of land reclamation projects in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area on the marine water environment,this study constructed five models of different water quality indexes using Landsat remote sensing images and measured water quality contents.The aim was to simulate the changes of water quality in the coastal waters of the Greater Bay Area from 2000 to 2020 in order to analyze the impact of land reclamation in the Greater Bay Area on the marine water environment.The results showed that the total land reclamation area of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area between 2000 and 2020 was about 160 km2.Among these,sea reclamation during the period from 2005 to 2010 produced the largest land area,and most of the reclaimed land was converted into urban construction land.Large-scale land reclamation projects had a significant impact on the marine environment in the adjacent waters of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Among these,COD,DO and TN levels in adjacent waters increased by varying degrees,while Chl-a and TP levels decreased year by year,reducing primary productivity in the adjacent waters of the bay,resulting in a decrease in plankton species and quantities.The research results can provide a scientific basis for urban planning and integrated marine environmental management in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

关 键 词：填海造陆 遥感反演 粤港澳大湾区 海洋水环境 水质指标 

分 类 号：K909[历史地理—人文地理学]