‘贡水白柚’无核成因探究  

Investigation of the Causes of Seedlessness in‘Gongshui Baiyou’Pummelo

作　　者：胡宇 曹宗洪 孙怡 刘聪[1] 文豪 刘慧敏[1] 郑鑫 徐梦梦 蒋祥东 张友和 李光浩 叶俊丽[1] 邓秀新[1,2] 谢宗周 柴利军[1,2] HU Yu;CAO Zonghong;SUN Yi;LIU Cong;WEN Hao;LIU Huimin;ZHENG Xin;XU Mengmeng;JIANG Xiangdong;ZHANG Youhe;LI Guanghao;YE Junli;DENG Xiuxin;XIE Zongzhou;CHAI Lijun(National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Horticulture,College of Horticulture and Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,Wuhan 430070,China;Agricultural Technology Service Center of Gaoluo Town/Agricultural Technology Service Center of Lijiahe Town/Agricultural Technology Service Center of Shadaogou Town,Xuan’en County,Enshi,Hubei 445000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]湖北洪山实验室,武汉430070 [3]湖北省恩施自治州宣恩县高罗镇农业技术服务中心/李家河镇农业服务中心/沙道沟镇农业服务中心,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《园艺学报》2025年第1期1-12,共12页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1200100);国家自然科学基金项目(32122075,32072523);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-27);洪山实验室项目(2021hszd009)。

摘　　要：利用形态学和细胞学观察等手段探究了‘贡水白柚’的无核成因。结果表明,‘贡水白柚’雌、雄配子发育正常且可育;自交授粉后,花粉管生长停止在柱头1/3处,表现为不亲和;未授粉花朵去雄套袋后,7、14、21和49 d的坐果率分别为60%、32%、14%与9%,可发育成无核果实,表明其具有单性结实能力。此外,对‘贡水白柚’前期胚珠组织发育进行切片观察,发现其去雄后21 d胚囊组织开始萎缩。其与‘沙田柚’和‘琯溪蜜柚’相互杂交表现为亲和,能够获得含有饱满且发育正常种子的果实。综上,兼具自交不亲和与单性结实是‘贡水白柚’形成无籽果实的主要原因。The seedlessness cause of‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelo was investigated through morphological and cytological observations.The results showed that both the female and male gametophytes of‘Gongshui Baiyou’developed normally and were fertile.After self-pollination,pollen tube growth stopped at 1/3 of the stigma,showing incompatibility.The fruit setting rates of unpollinated flowers after 7,14,21 and 49 days were 60%,32%,14%and 9%,respectively,and they could develop into seedless fruits,which indicated that they had parthenocarpic ability.Additionally,the sectioning of ovule tissue development in the early stage showed that the embryo sac tissue of seedless‘Gongshui Baiyou’began to shrink 21 days after emasculation.Its cross with‘Shatianyou’and‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelos showed affinity and could contain full and normal seeds.In conlution,both self-incompatibility and parthenocarpy are the main reasons for the formation of seedless fruit of‘Gongshui Baiyou’.

关 键 词：柚 无核 单性结实 自交不亲和 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]