4种梨树及其相关生物学特性对中国梨木虱产卵的影响  

Effects of Four Pear Species and Their Biological Characteristics on the Oviposition of Pear Psylla

作　　者：高欣 赵龙龙[2] 喻强 冀佳悦 卫洁 卢浩月 魏明峰 马瑞燕[1] GAO Xin;ZHAO Longlong;YU Qiang;JI Jiayue;WEI Jie;LU Haoyue;WEI Mingfeng;MA Ruiyan(College of plant protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030801,China;Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030815,China;Cotton Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Yuncheng,Shanxi 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西晋中030801 [2]山西农业大学果树研究所,山西晋中030815 [3]山西农业大学棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《园艺学报》2025年第1期13-24,共12页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-28-19);山西农业大学“引进人才科研启动工程”项目(2023BQ17);山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021222149);山西农业大学博士启动基金项目(2023BQ129);山西省博士毕业生、博士后研究人员来晋工作奖励经费科研项目(SXBYKY2022141)。

摘　　要：为探明不同梨树种类及相关生物学特性对中国梨木虱产卵的影响,以白梨、砂梨、秋子梨和西洋梨的共71个品种为材料,研究了梨树物候期、品种、枝条芽鳞痕、叶面光泽度、叶缘锯齿等生物学特性与冬型、夏型中国梨木虱产卵量之间的关系。结果表明,冬型梨木虱在梨树展叶期的产卵量明显高于萌芽期和花期;梨树萌芽期和花期时,4种梨上的卵量无显著差异,展叶期时,砂梨和白梨上的卵量显著高于秋子梨和西洋梨;除西洋梨外,其他3个种的枝条芽鳞痕数与萌芽期冬型梨木虱产卵量呈显著正相关。夏型梨木虱在白梨和砂梨上的产卵量显著高于秋子梨和西洋梨;夏型梨木虱在叶缘的产卵量较高,其次是叶面,叶柄最少;叶缘锯齿角度与夏型梨木虱产卵量显著相关,锯齿角度为20°~40°和101°~120°时卵量较大,锯齿密度、叶片光泽度对产卵影响较小。本研究的结果表明梨树的一些生物学特性明显影响梨木虱的产卵,对于夏型梨木虱产卵量,梨树种类和叶缘锯齿角度的影响较大,对于冬型梨木虱,梨树种类的影响较小,而枝条芽鳞痕是关键影响因子。In this study,a total of 71 pear varieties of Pyrus bretschneideri,P.pyrifolia,P.ussuriensis and P.communis were selected to study the relationship between pear tree phenological periods,cultivars,the number of bud scale scars,the leaf margin serration and egg-laying amount of pear psylla(Cacopsylla chinensis).The results indicated that the average egg-laying amount of winter form pear psylla in leaf expansion period was significantly higher than that in sprouting and flowering periods.There was no significant difference in egg-laying amount among different cultivars during the sprouting and flowering period.But in the leaf expansion period,the egg-laying amount on P.pyrifolia and P.bretschneideri was significantly higher than that on P.ussuriensis and P.communis.Except for P.communis,the number of bud scale scars of the other 3 species was positively correlated with the egg-laying amount of winter form pear psylla.The summer form pear psylla mainly oviposited on P.bretschneideri and P.pyrifolia,and their egg-laying amounts were significantly higher than that on P.ussuriensis and P.communis.The summer form pear psylla prefer to oviposited on the serration and surface of leaves,and it laid the least amount of eggs in the petiole.The egg-laying amount of summer form pear psylla was a significant correlated with the angle of leaf margin serration.And the egg-laying amount was largest when the serration angle was 20°-40°and 101°-120°.While the density of serration and leaf glossiness had relatively little effects on the egg-laying amount of pear psylla.It demonstrated that,some biological characteristics of pear trees obviously affected the oviposition of pear psylla.In the growing period of pear trees,different species of pear trees and the angle of leaf margin serration both had obvious effects on oviposition of summer form pear psylla.For winter form pear psylla,the pear species had relatively little effect on its oviposition and the number of bud scale scars was the key factors affecting its oviposition.

关 键 词：梨 叶片 生物学特性 中国梨木虱 产卵选择 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]