湖南柑橘产区镉污染状况及镉对柑橘发育影响分析  

Status of Cadmium Pollution in the Main Citrus Producing Areas of Hunan Province and the Effects of Cadmium Stress on Citrus Development

作　　者：杨金磊 吕壁纹 陈岳文[1] 金燕[1] 杨俊枫 周铁 唐俊 常媛媛 杨长耀 卢晓鹏 YANG Jinlei;LÜBiwen;CHEN Yuewen;JIN Yan;YANG Junfeng;ZHOU Tie;TANG Jun;CHANG Yuanyuan;YANG Changyao;LU Xiaopeng(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University/National Center for Citrus Improvement(Changsha),Changsha 410128,China;Institute of Horticulture,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science,Changsha 410125,China;Shaoyang Research Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shaoyang,Hunan 422001,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院/国家柑橘改良中心长沙分中心,长沙410128 [2]湖南省农业科学院园艺研究所,长沙410125 [3]邵阳市农业科学研究院,湖南邵阳422001

出　　处：《园艺学报》2025年第1期200-212,共13页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-26);国家自然科学基金项目(32102313和32172520)。

摘　　要：通过调查湖南柑橘产区受镉污染的情况,结合盆栽处理研究土壤镉污染对柑橘树体生长发育的影响,以期为镉污染防治提供理论依据。分析了湖南省柑橘主产区及长沙—株洲—湘潭(长株潭)地区果园土壤pH、有机质、镉含量,并评价‘橘湘早’温州蜜柑、‘纽荷尔’脐橙果实镉含量;以1.0、1.5、3.0和10.0 mg·kg^(-1)的CdCl_(2)·2H_(2)O用量处理3年生盆栽‘橘湘早’和‘纽荷尔’植株,测定生理生化指标的变化;以柑橘常用砧木枳和卡里佐枳橙水培实生苗为材料,用50 mg·L^(-1)的CdCl_(2)·2H_(2)O溶液进行镉胁迫,观察其对镉的耐受情况。共采集湖南省不同地区柑橘果园土壤样品278份(柑橘主产区201份,长株潭地区77份),测定结果显示,70.5%果园土壤样品的pH<5.5,48.56%果园有机质含量处于柑橘生长适宜范围(20.0~30.0 g·kg^(-1))。柑橘主产区93.03%土壤样品中镉含量低于土壤环境质量标准(<0.3 mg·kg^(-1));长株潭地区71.43%样品(55个)镉含量超标。长株潭地区55个土壤镉污染采样点中,柑橘果实样品(‘橘湘早’43份、‘纽荷尔’12份)可食部分镉含量全部符合国家食品安全标准(<0.05 mg·kg^(-1))。在不同程度镉胁迫处理下,‘橘湘早’和‘纽荷尔’的根颈粗、株高、叶绿素含量与对照无显著差异,而果实大小明显受到抑制;不同器官中镉积累量差异较大,富集量的总体趋势表现为根>茎、叶>果肉;长期镉胁迫后树体受伤害明显,镉胁迫处理180 d叶片丙二醛、脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性大幅升高。镉胁迫处理(50 mg·L^(-1) CdCl_(2)·2H_(2)O)砧木实生苗20 d后,枳叶片发红、脱落,而枳橙与对照无明显差异。综上,湖南省内柑橘主产区绝大多数果园土壤未受到镉污染,长株潭地区果园土壤镉污染严重(土壤镉含量0.30~7.46 mg·kg^(-1)),但该地区栽培的柑橘果实镉含量符合食品安全国家标准;柑橘树体的根部是累积镉元素�To investigate the soil cadmium(Cd)pollution of Hunan citrus production areas,and reveal the effects of soil Cd pollution on the development of citrus plant,this study aims to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Cd pollution in citrus production areas.Firstly,the soil pH,organic matters and Cd content in the main citrus producing areas of Hunan Province and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan(Changzhutan)area were determined.Meanwhile,the Cd content in fruits of‘Juxiangzao’Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc)and‘Newhall’navel orange(C.sinensis Osbeck)were also evaluated.And then,three-year-old‘Juxiangzao’Satsuma mandarin and‘Newhall’navel orange trees were treated with different concentration of CdCl_(2)·2H_(2)O(1.0,1.5,3.0 and 10.0 mg·kg^(-1))after which the physiological and biochemical changes of plants under Cd stress were analyzed.Afterward,the citrus rootstocks,trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata)and Carrizo citrange(C.sinensis×P.trifoliata),were subjected to Cd stress by using 50 mg·L^(-1) CdCl_(2)·2H_(2)O and the Cd tolerance of these two rootstocks were observed.According to the 278 soil samples in which 201 samples were from the main citrus producing areas and 77 samples were from Changzhutan area,soil acidification(pH<5.5)occurred in 70.5%of citrus orchards,and 48.56%orchards were with optimum soil organic matter(20.0 to 30.0 g·kg^(-1)).Among them,the Cd contents in 93.03%orchard soils from the main citrus producing area were lower than the environmental soil quality standard(<0.3 mg·kg^(-1)),but Cd contents in 71.43%orchard soils from Changzhutan area exceeded the standard.In the 55 orchards with Cd polluted soil,the Cd contents in the edible part of citrus fruits(43 Satsuma mandarin and 12‘Newhall’navel orange)were all lower than the national food safety standard(<0.05 mg·kg^(-1)).With the Cd treatments for‘Juxiangzao’Satsuma mandarin and‘Newhall’navel orange trees,the root neck thickness,plant height and chlorophyll showed no significant difference

关 键 词：柑橘 土壤 重金属 镉 发育 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]