新疆近40年春小麦品种(系)重要性状的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Important Traits of the Spring Wheat Varieties(Lines)in Xinjiang over the Past 40 Years

作　　者：张景灿 徐其江[2,3] 张永强 曾潮武[2] 毕海燕 雷钧杰[2,3] 陈传信 聂石辉[2,3] 徐文修 李杰 陈慧[1,3] ZHANG Jingcan;XU Qijiang;ZHANG Yongqiang;ZENG Chaowu;BI Haiyan;LEI Junjie;CHEN Chuanxin;NIE Shihui;XU Wenxiu;LI Jie;CHEN Hui(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Research Insititute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Rural Energy Workstation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830001,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区农村能源工作站,新疆乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第2期149-155,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1,2022B02001-3);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCCX0013,2023TSYCLJ0009);自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGNT062);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-94);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01);国家自然科学基金项目(31960379,51879267)。

摘　　要：为探究新疆近40年春小麦品种(系)重要性状的遗传规律,以1985-2024年审定的65份不同年代春小麦品种以及2个待审品系为材料,对小麦主要性状进行遗传变异、相关性、聚类及主成分分析,并进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种(系)间农艺性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,67份小麦材料多样性指数在1.96~2.08,多样性指数整体较优,其中千粒重最大为2.08,穗下节长最小为1.96。穗粒数与株高、旗叶宽、旗叶面积和穗长均呈极显著正相关,与穗下节粗、旗叶长均呈显著正相关;千粒重与穗下节粗、旗叶宽均呈极显著正相关,与旗叶面积呈显著正相关。通过主成分分析将9个性状转化为3个主成分,累计贡献率达72.049%。结合3个主成分因子的贡献率权重,综合得分排名前10的材料依次为新春35号、新春45号、新春41号、新旱688、粮春1571、新春8号、新春20号、粮春1242、新春18号和新春16号,可作为优良品种推广种植。In order to explore the genetic rules of important traits of the spring wheat varieties(lines)in Xinjiang in the past 40 years,65 spring wheat varieties of different decades from 1985 to 2024 and 2 lines to be approved were used as materials.The main traits of wheat were subjected for genetic variation,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and comprehensive analysis.The agronomic traits among different varieties(lines)showed rich genetic diversity.The diversity index of 67 wheat materials ranged from 1.96 to 2.08,with the largest thousand-grain weight of 2.08 and the smallestpeduncle length of 1.96.The number of grains per spike was significantly(P<0.01)positively correlated with plant height,flag leaf width,flag leaf area,and ear length,and was significantly(P<0.05)positively correlated with peduncle diameter and flag leaf length;the number of thousand-grain weight was significantly(P<0.01)positively correlated with peduncle diameter,flag leaf width,and was significantly(P<0.05)positively correlated with flag leaf area.Principal component analysis converted 9 traits into 3 principal components,with a cumulative contribution rate of 72.049%.Combined with theweighted contribution rate of the 3 principal component factors,the top 10 materials with the highest comprehensive score were Xinchun 35,Xinchun 45,Xinchun 41,Xinhan 688,Liangchun 1571,Xinchun 8,Xinchun 20,Liangchun 1242,Xinchun 18,and Xinchun 16,which can be promoted as excellent varieties for planting.

关 键 词：新疆 春小麦 品种(系) 重要性状 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330