磷肥后移对倒春寒下小麦主茎穗结实特性的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Postpone on the Grain Setting Characteristics of Wheat Main Stem Spike under Late Spring Coldness

作　　者：吴兆晨 秦成磊 尹鹏程 孙铭赫 徐凯琳 郑宝强 陈翔[1] 李金才[1,2] WU Zhaochen;QIN Chenglei;YIN Pengcheng;SUN Minghe;XU Kailin;ZHENG Baoqiang;CHEN Xiang;LI Jincai(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University/Crop Cultivation Science Observatory in East China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Crop Production in Jiangsu,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院/农业部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站,安徽合肥230036 [2]江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第2期204-212,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2023-103);安徽农业大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202210364622);淮河流域砂姜黑土产能提升综合技术模式与应用(2023YFD1901005);“十四五”安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(340000222426000100009);淮北市农业科学院科研项目(YL202306)。

摘　　要：为探究施磷模式对倒春寒下小麦穗部结实特性的影响,于2022-2023年选用抗倒春寒性弱的小麦品种新麦26和抗倒春寒性强的烟农19为供试材料,采用大田盆栽种植的方式,利用低温光照培养箱进行倒春寒模拟试验,分析了常温+磷肥全部基施、常温+50%磷肥后移、倒春寒+磷肥全部基施和倒春寒+50%磷肥后移处理下两个小麦品种的主茎穗结实特性。结果表明,与常温相比,倒春寒显著降低了新麦26和烟农19主茎穗结实粒数和单穗重,单穗结实粒数降幅分别为25.63%和23.43%,单穗重降幅分别为26.74%和20.65%,其中两个品种下部小穗的结实粒数降幅均最大(降幅分别为40.21%和31.91%),结实粒数降幅最大的粒位分别为第3和第4粒位(降幅分别为40.00%和80.77%)。常温条件下,磷肥后移后两个品种主茎单穗重较磷肥全部基施分别提高了9.37%和19.48%,结实粒数分别提高了11.17%和8.45%,结实粒数增幅最大的小穗位分别为下部和上部小穗(增幅分别为30.93%和31.25%),烟农19千粒重显著增加(增幅12.49%)。与磷肥全部基施相比,倒春寒危害下磷肥后移显著增加两个品种的主茎穗结实粒数和单穗重,结实粒数增幅分别为22.53%和14.20%,单穗重增幅分别为25.94%和10.96%,新麦26结实粒数增幅最大的小穗位和粒位分别为下部小穗和第3粒位(分别增加了101.72%和42.86%);而烟农19结实粒数增幅最大的小穗位为上部小穗(增加73.68%)。综上所述,倒春寒会降低小麦主茎穗结实粒数和单穗重,磷肥后移可通过提高主茎穗结实粒数和单穗重减轻倒春寒对小麦穗部结实的影响。To investigate the effect of phosphorus application mode on the grain setting characteristics of wheat ears under late spring coldness,wheat varieties Xinmai 26 with weak resistance to late spring coldness and Yannong 19 with strong resistance to late spring coldness were selected as experimental materials from 2022 to 2023.Field pot planting was adopted,and a low temperature light incubator was used to simulate late spring coldness.The main stem and grain setting characteristics of two wheat varieties were analyzed under the treatments of full basal application of phosphorus fertilizer under conventional temperature,50%of phosphorus fertilizer postpone under conventional temperature,full basal application of phosphorus fertilizer under late spring coldness,and 50%of phosphorus fertilizer postpone under late spring coldness.The results showed that compared with normal temperature,the late spring coldness significantly reduced the number of grains and weight per spike in the main stem of Xinmai 26 and Yannong 19,with a decrease rate of 25.63%and 23.43%,respectively,and a decrease rate of 26.74%and 20.65%in weight per spike,respectively.Among them,the number of grains in the lower spikelets of both varieties decreased the most(40.21%and 31.91%,respectively).The grain position with the largest decrease in grain number was the third and fourth grain positions(40.00%and 80.77%,respectively).Under normal temperature conditions,after applying phosphorus fertilizer,the single spike weight of the main stem of the two varieties was higher than that of the full basal phosphorus fertilizer,with an increase rate of 9.37%and 19.48%,respectively,and the number of grains was increased by 11.17%and 8.45%,respectively.The largest increase in grain number was observed in the lower and upper spikelets(with increase rate of 30.93%and 31.25%,respectively).The thousand-grain weight of Yannong 19 significantly increased(with an increase rate of 12.49%).Compared with the full basal application of phosphorus fertilizer,the postpone of pho

关 键 词：小麦 倒春寒 磷肥后移 结实粒数 粒重 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311