节水灌溉下减氮配施丛枝菌根真菌对旱地灌区小麦灌浆期光合生理及氮代谢的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and AMF Inoculation on the Photosynthetic Physiology and Nitrogen Metabolism of Wheat at Grain-filling Stage in Arid Irrigation Areas under Water-Saving Irrigation

作　　者：蒋长明[1] 冉新民[2] 叶万玉 陈云香 JIANG Changming;RAN Xinmin;YE Wanyu;CHEN Yunxiang(Water Conservancy Technology Service Guarantee Center,Gansu Provincial Department of Water Resources,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;School of Resources and Environment,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China;School of Hydraulic Engineering,Lanzhou Resources and Environment Voc-Tech University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利厅水利技术服务保障中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730020 [3]兰州资源环境职业技术大学水利工程学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第2期213-223,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：中国科学院科技先导专项(A类)(XDA23060702);国家自然科学基金项目(41771084)。

摘　　要：为了解节水灌溉下减氮配施丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)在小麦生产中的应用效果,以春小麦品系兰大211为材料,通过裂裂区试验,在两个灌溉量(常规灌溉400 mm和节水灌溉280 mm)和3个施氮水平[常规施氮(250 kg·hm^(-2))、减施氮肥20%(200 kg·hm^(-2))和减施氮肥40%(150 kg·hm^(-2))]下设置AMF接种[菌种为摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae,FM)]和不接种处理,分析了不同处理间小麦灌浆期生长特性、光合生理、氮代谢过程以及产量的差异。结果表明,FM能够侵染小麦根系,并形成稳定的共生关系。与常规灌溉相比,节水灌溉下FM的菌根侵染率、丛枝着生率、侵入点位数和泡囊数均降低。与常规灌溉下常规施氮处理相比,节水灌溉下减氮20%并接种FM处理对小麦群体干物质积累量和叶面积无显著影响,株高和群体总茎数均下降;小麦叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及气体交换参数与正常灌溉下常规施氮处理无显著差异,但显著高于节水灌溉下减氮40%和减氮40%并接种FM处理。与常规灌溉下常规施氮处理相比,节水灌溉下减氮20%并接种FM处理的小麦旗叶全氮含量、游离氨基酸含量和可溶性蛋白含量及氮代谢过程中硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性均无显著差异。节水灌溉下减氮20%并配施FM处理小麦产量达7786.0 kg·hm^(-2),与常规灌溉下常规施氮处理的产量无显著差异。本试验条件下,节水灌溉下减氮20%并配施FM能维持小麦灌浆期叶绿素含量以及光合作用,保持小麦氮代谢酶活性以及代谢产物含量,是旱地灌区节水、省肥、保持高产的绿色水肥管理模式。To investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on the growth characteristics,photosynthetic physiology,nitrogen metabolism process,and yield of wheat during the grain-filling stage under water-saving irrigation,a wheat line Landa 211 was used as the experimental material.Two irrigation amounts(normal irrigation of 400 mm,water-saving irrigation of 280 mm)and three nitrogen application levels[conventional nitrogen application(250 kg·hm^(-2)),reduced 20%nitrogen fertilizer application(200 kg·hm^(-2)),and reduced 40%nitrogen fertilizer application(150 kg·hm^(-2))]were set up,inoculated with the AMF strain Funneliformes mosesae(FM)and no inoculation.The results indicated that FM could infect wheat roots and formed a stable symbiotic relationship.Compared with normal irrigation,the mycorrhizal infection rate,arbuscular growth rate,number of invasion points,and number of vesicles of FM decreased under water-saving irrigation.Compared with the conventional nitrogen application treatment under normal irrigation,reduced 20%nitrogen under water-saving irrigation and inoculation with FM treatment had no significant effect on the dry matter accumulation and leaf area of wheat population,but the plant height and total stem number of the population decreased.The chlorophyll content,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and gas exchange parameters of wheat showed no significant differences compared to the conventional nitrogen application treatment under normal irrigation,but were significantly higher than reduced 40%nitrogen treatments under water-saving irrigation and FM inoculation.Compared with the conventional nitrogen application treatment under normal irrigation,there was no significant difference in the total nitrogen content,free amino acid content,soluble protein content of wheat flag leaves,and the activities of nitrate reductase,glutamine synthase,glutamic pyruvate transaminase,and glutamic acid synthase under reduced 20%nitrogen with water-saving irri

关 键 词：小麦 丛枝菌根真菌 节水 减氮 光合作用 氮代谢 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330