基于出行时耗和距离分布规律的供需时空单元组织秩序研究  

Temporal-Spatial Units Organizational Order of Supply and Demand Based on the Distribution Pattern of Travel Time and Distance

作　　者：张建明 蔡军[1] 祁梦迪 ZHANG Jianming;CAI Jun;QI Mengdi(School of Architecture and Fine Art,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian Liaoning 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《城市交通》2024年第6期100-109,94,共11页Urban Transport of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“城市与街区双动力视域下路网品质提升的规划理论与智慧方法研究”(52278048)。

摘　　要：厘清居民出行时耗和距离(以下简称“时距”)分布所含供需间时距衰减和时距阈值规律,进而构建生活圈和通勤圈(时距)标准所对应供需时空单元的组织秩序,是以人为本推进城市空间结构优化的关键。将差异显著的124组居民出行时距分布进行相对自身出行时距均值的标准化处理,得到的相对时距呈现先升后降的规律性分布。以相对时距规模效用和衰减效用构建时距分布的解释机理,并拟合校验其函数模型,得到相对时距衰减效用为参数取值2.07的负指数函数。进而将相对时距分布转换为累积比例分布,得出时距阈值与时距均值呈稳定的2倍关系。将上述分布规律解析作为生活圈和通勤圈出行时距标准所对应供需时空单元组织的基础,构建了城市方格网道路背景下以供给设施为中心、时距阈值为边长且4角对接的同级供需时空单元组织秩序,并引入不同出行方式的速度关系,构建了切合四级居住单元和四级通勤单元的出行方式基础单元结构秩序。Clarifying the rules of time/distance decay and threshold values between supply and demand associated with residents'travel time/distance distribution is crucial for constructing the temporal-spatial units organizational order corresponding to the(travel time/distance)standards of living and commuting circles.It is also critical for promoting the optimization of urban spatial structures using a people-oriented approach.By standardizing the 124 sets resident's travel time/distance distributions with significant differences relative to their average travel time/distance,a pattern emerges where relative travel time/distance initially increases and then decreases.The explanatory mechanism for the relative travel time/distance distribution is constructed using the scale utility and decay utility of relative travel time/distance,and its function model is fitted and verified,resulting in a negative exponential function with a parameter of 2.07.After converting the relative travel time/distance distribution into a cumulative proportional distribution,a stable 2:1 ratio is obtained between the travel time/distance threshold and the average travel time/distance.Using this distribution pattern analysis as the foundation for the temporal-spatial units organization of supply and demand corresponding to the travel time/distance standards of living and commuting circles,an organizational order of the same-level temporal-spatial supply and demand units is constructed.Within a city gridded roadway network,this order centers on supply facilities with travel time/distance thresholds as the boundary length and four-corner alignment.Additionally,by introducing the relationship among different travel mode speeds,a fundamental unit structural order that aligns with four-level residential units and fourlevel commuting units is established.

关 键 词：生活圈 通勤圈 出行时距分布 距离衰减 时距阈值 供需时空单元 出行方式基础单元 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]