减氮配施丙三醇和生长素对烟叶质量及硝酸盐含量的影响  

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with spraying glycerol and auxin on nitrate content and tobacco quality

作　　者：刘德水 冯雨晴 史素娟 龙腾 孙晋浩 李中皓 杜国荣 马莉 马雁军 史宏志[3] LIU Deshui;FENG Yuqing;SHI Sujuan;LONG Teng;SUN Jinhao;LI Zhonghao;DU Guorong;MA Li;MA Yanjun;SHI Hongzhi(Beijing Branch,Technology Center,Shanghai Tobacco Group Limited Company,Beijing 101121,China;Beijing Life Science Academy(BLSA),Beijing 102211,China;College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]上海烟草集团技术中心北京工作站,北京101121 [2]北京生命科技研究院有限公司,北京102211 [3]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2025年第1期142-152,共11页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：上海烟草集团北京卷烟厂有限公司科技项目“烟草硝酸盐积累机理及降低硝酸盐含量调节技术研究”(TP2019-C4)。

摘　　要：【目的】降低烟草体内硝酸盐及TSNAs积累,提高氮素利用率和烟叶质量。【方法】以中烟100、中川208(烤烟)和鄂烟1号(白肋烟)为实验材料,在施氮量减少20%条件下,喷施2 mL/L丙三醇和10 mg/L IAA(简称减施氮肥处理),分析烟叶光合作用指标、物理性状、常规化学成分、硝酸盐和TSNAs含量、烟叶感官质量。【结果】(1)减施氮肥处理能够提升烤烟和白肋烟烟叶光合能力,促进烟叶碳代谢,提高单叶重、叶质重、叶长和叶宽。(2)减施氮肥处理能降低烟叶的硝酸盐和TSNAs的含量,中烟100、中川208和鄂烟1号烤后烟叶上部叶的硝态氮平均含量分别降低20.65%、20.81%和17.03%,中部叶烟叶的硝态氮含量分别降低19.20%、22.25%和19.43%。中烟100、中川208和鄂烟1号烤后烟叶上部叶烟叶TSNA总含量分别降低35.21%、46.21%和43.13%,中部叶烟叶TSNA总含量分别降低34.13%、33.19%和34.68%。(3)减施氮肥处理能够降低总氮和烟碱含量,提高上部叶和中部叶总糖的含量。(4)减施氮肥处理能够降低中烟100和鄂烟1号的杂气和刺激性等。【结论】减施氮肥并喷施2 mL/L丙三醇和10 mg/L IAA能提高烟叶光合效率、促进烟叶碳代谢、提高上部叶和中部叶总糖的含量,有效降低总氮、烟碱、硝酸盐含量,从而抑制TSNAs积累,对氮素利用效率和烟叶质量的提升有很大帮助。[Objective]This study aims to reduce the accumulation of nitrates and TSNAs in tobacco,improve nitrogen use efficiency,and enhance tobacco leaf quality.[Methods]Using Zhongyan 100,Zhongchuan 208(flue-cured tobacco),and Eyan 1(burley tobacco)as experimental materials,a 20%reduction in nitrogen application combined with foliar spraying of 2 mL/L glycerol and 10 mg/L IAA(referred to as reduced nitrogen application treatment)was implemented.The study analyzed photosynthetic indicators,physical properties,conventional chemical components,nitrate and TSNAs content,and sensory quality of tobacco leaves.[Results](1)The reduced nitrogen application treatment not only promoted tobacco carbon metabolism of flue-cured tobacco and burley tobacco but also improved single leaf weight,leaf quality weight,leaf length and leaf width.(2)The treatment reduced nitrate and TSNAs content in tobacco leaves.The average contents of nitrate nitrogen in tobacco upper leaves of Zhongyan 100,Zhongchuan 208 and Eyan 1 decreased by 20.65%,20.81%and 17.03%,respectively,while contents of nitrate nitrogen in tobacco middle leaves decreased by 19.20%,22.25%and 19.43%,respectively.The average contents of total TSNA in tobacco upper leaves Zhongyan 100,Zhongchuan 208 and Eyan 1 decreased by 35.21%,46.21%and 43.13%,respectively,while contents of total TSNA in tobacco middle leaves decreased by 34.13%,33.19%and 34.68%,respectively.(3)The content of total nitrogen and nicotine were reduced and the content of total sugar was increased.(4)The reduced nitrogen application treatment can reduce the impurities and irritancy of Zhongyan 100 and Eyan 1.[Conclusion]Reducing nitrogen application combined with foliar spraying of 2 mL/L glycerol and 10 mg/L IAA can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of tobacco leaves,promote the carbon metabolism of tobacco leaves,improve the content of total sugar in the upper and middle leaves,and effectively reduce the content of total nitrogen,nicotine and nitrate,thus inhibiting the accumulation of TSNAs.This significantly

关 键 词：烤烟 白肋烟 氮素 光合作用 烟叶质量 硝酸盐 TSNAS 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]