河南省典型农区近地表大气氨时空分布特征及主要影响因素  

Variation Characteristics and Key Influencing Factors of Near-Surface Ambient Ammonia Concentration in Typical Cropland Areas in Henan Province

作　　者：吕金岭[1,2] 尤克 王小非 肖强 李文峰[5] 马进 杨清 张金平[8] 孔海江 常运华[10] LÜJinLing;YOU Ke;WANG XiaoFei;XIAO Qiang;LI WenFeng;MA Jin;YANG Qing;ZHANG JinPing;KONG HaiJiang;CHANG YunHua(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002;Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-Environment,Zhengzhou 450002;Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Security Center,Zhengzhou 450046;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;Xuchang Meteorological Bureau,Xuchang 461099,Henan;Luoyang Meteorological Bureau,Luoyang 471026,Henan;Anyang Meteorological Bureau,Anyang 455099,Henan;Xinxiang Meteorological Bureau,Xinxiang 453003,Henan;Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,China Meteorological Administration,Zhengzhou 450003;Center on Atmospheric Environment,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南省农业生态环境重点实验室,郑州450002 [3]河南省生态环境监测和安全中心,郑州450046 [4]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [5]许昌市气象局,河南许昌461099 [6]洛阳市气象局,河南洛阳471026 [7]安阳市气象局,河南安阳455099 [8]新乡市气象局,河南新乡453003 [9]中国气象局河南省农业气象保障重点实验室,郑州450003 [10]南京信息工程大学大气环境中心,南京210044

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第1期127-140,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河南省农业科学院杰出青年基金项目(2023JQ04);国家自然科学基金(41807098);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0212400)。

摘　　要：【目的】农田氨挥发是大气颗粒物中铵盐的主要来源之一,对城市和农村空气质量有密切影响。对河南省典型农区近地表大气氨浓度时空变化特征及关键影响因素进行系统研究,为农田区域大气颗粒污染物的针对性治理提供科学依据。【方法】选取河南省10个代表性农田区域(小麦-玉米轮作区),利用被动法,开展为期两年的近地表大气氨浓度监测与驱动因素研究。【结果】从时间上(季节性)来看,不同季节近地表大气氨浓度差异较大,其中夏季近地表大气氨平均浓度最高,为12.0μg N·m^(-3),其次为春季和秋季,均值分别为10.8和8.9μg N·m^(-3),冬季最低,均值仅为6.7μg N·m^(-3)。从空间上来看,豫东开封农田区域氨浓度最高,其年平均氨浓度可达14.7μg N·m^(-3),其次为豫北新乡和安阳,其年均大气氨浓度分别为12.5和11.0μg N·m^(-3),再次为豫中郑州和豫北的焦作,其近地表大气氨浓度分别为10.9和10.6μg N·m^(-3),而豫西的洛阳、平顶山、豫南许昌、漯河和黄泛区(周口)的近地表大气氨浓度较低,其数值介于7.9—9.6μg N·m^(-3)之间。从土壤类型来看,不同土壤类型近地表大气氨浓度存在明显不同,其中潮土近地表大气氨浓度最高,为11.0—14.7μg N·m^(-3),褐土和黄褐土区其氨浓度介于9.0—9.6μg N·m^(-3)之间,砂姜黑土和黄棕壤农田区域氨浓度较低,为8.06—8.11μg N·m^(-3)。不同区域的近地表大气氨浓度高低是多重因素共同作用的结果,其中氮肥施用量和土壤pH与近地表大气氨浓度存在显著的正相关关系,降雨量与近地表大气氨浓度存在显著的负相关关系,几种因素的交互作用导致河南省农田系统近地表大气氨浓度差异较大。【结论】基于以上研究结果,降低施氮量有助于系统性降低河南省农田区域近地表氨浓度;豫北和豫东农田区是重点关注区域。【Objective】Ammonia volatilization from cropland is one of the main sources of ammonium salts in atmospheric particulate matter,which has a close impact on urban and rural air quality.The temporal-spatial variation characteristics of near-surface atmospheric ammonia concentration and key influencing factors in a typical agricultural area of Henan Province was conducted systematically,so as to provide the scientific basis for targeted management of atmospheric particulate pollutants in cropland areas.【Method】10 typical cropland areas(wheat-maize rotation areas)in Henan Province were selected to conduct a two-year study on monitoring near-surface ammonia concentration by using the ammonia passive method and investigating its driving factors.【Result】In terms of time(seasonality),the highest average near-surface ammonia concentration value was found in summer,with an average of 12.0μg N·m^(-3),followed by spring and autumn,with an average of 10.8 and 8.9μg N·m^(-3),respectively,and the lowest value in winter,with an average of only 6.7μg N·m^(-3).From a spatial perspective,the highest ammonia concentration in the cropland area of Zhengzhou in east Henan was 14.7μg N·m^(-3) on average,followed by Xinxiang and Anyang in north Henan with annual average atmospheric ammonia concentrations of 12.5 and 11.0μg N·m^(-3),respectively.Zhengzhou in central Henan and Jiaozuo in north Henan had near-surface atmospheric ammonia concentrations of 10.9 and 10.6μg N·m^(-3),respectively,while the near-surface atmospheric ammonia concentrations in Luoyang,Pingdingshan,Xuchang,Luohe and Zhoukou in west Henan and south Henan were between 7.9 and 9.6μg N·m^(-3).From the perspective of soil types,among which fluvo-aquic soils had the highest near-surface ammonia concentration,with values ranging from 11.0 to 14.7μg N·m^(-3);the ammonia concentration values in the cinnamon soil and yellow cinnamon soil areas ranged from 9.0 to 9.6μg N·m^(-3);the ammonia concentration in lime concretion lime concretion black soil

关 键 词：小麦-玉米轮作区 大气氨浓度 时空分布 被动采样 线性相关性分析 反距离法 河南省 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]