高速列车车体主结构型材分级优化设计  

Hierarchical Optimization Design of the Main Structure Profiles of the High-speed Train Body

作　　者：孔凡跃 谢素明[1] 程亚军 KONG Fanyue;XIE Suming;CHENG Yajun(School of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China;CRRC Changchun Railway Passenger Vehicle Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机车车辆工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研发中心,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《机械工程与自动化》2025年第1期57-61,共5页Mechanical Engineering & Automation

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题资助(P2023J001)。

摘　　要：基于工程力学和结构优化方法,开展了提高车体整体性能的高速列车车体主结构型材的优化设计研究。首先,依据车体中部区域的变形特点建立现有高速列车车体整体模型和车体完整断面的平面模型,并在整体载荷作用下对两模型分别进行了刚度分析,结果表明用平面模型分析整体载荷下车体中部区域的垂向变形可信度高;然后,利用上述平面模型分析整体载荷下车体中部区域垂向变形可信度较高的特点,建立平面优化模型,并在整体载荷下对其进行型材的拓扑优化;再将优化确定的主结构型材筋板形状及布局更新到车体整体模型中,进而基于主结构型材厚度对频率和质量的灵敏度分析开展以车体第一阶频率最大为目标的尺寸优化;最后,对分级优化后的车体进行性能分析,结果表明:在最大垂向载荷下,车体底架边梁最大垂向位移降低了8.9%,第一阶频率提升了5.6%,结构质量减轻了4.1%。Based on the engineering mechanics and structural optimization methods,the optimization design of the main structural profile of the high-speed train body to improve the overall performance of the car body is studied.Firstly,according to the deformation characteristics of the middle area of the car body,the overall model of the existing high-speed train body and the plane model of the complete section of the car body are established,and then the stiffness analysis of the two models is carried out under the action of the overall load,and the results show that the vertical deformation of the middle area of the car body under the overall load is highly reliable.Then,a plane optimization model was established based on the geometry formed by the cross-section profile of the car body,and the topology of the profile was optimized under the overall load.Then,the shape and layout of the ribs of the main structure profile determined by optimization were updated to the overall model of the car body,and then the size optimization was carried out with the goal of maximizing the first-order frequency of the car body based on the sensitivity analysis of the thickness of the main structure profile to frequency and quality.Finally,the performance analysis of the graded optimized car body shows that under the maximum vertical load,the maximum vertical displacement of the side beam of the car body underframe is reduced by 9.8%,the first-order frequency is increased by 5.6%,and the structural mass is reduced by 4.1%.

关 键 词：高速列车车体 主结构型材 拓扑优化 频率优化 整体性能 

分 类 号：TP391.7[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]