西汉君臣共治制度与表文:兼论陈事表的话语生成  

System of Co-governance between Monarchs and Officials and Biao in Official Documents in the Western Han Dynasty:A Discussion on the Discourse Generation of Chen Shi Biao

作　　者：宋文婕 SONG Wenjie(School of Language and Literature,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学语言文学学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《西南大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期261-272,共12页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：西汉君主制与君臣共治制度相依存,人臣权力主体地位拥有被政体赋予的合法性。奏议与政体联系紧密,西汉表相较于章、奏、议等文体更能显示人臣独立的权力主体地位,其“不需头”的文献形态、不称“以闻”“上书”的话语方式、“其言密事”及可超越律令以弹劾或荐举等话语内容、彰显德以监督君主的话语主题,以及君主对人臣上表的重视等,均是人臣独立权力主体地位在表文中的展现。人臣权力主体地位得以通过表文制度及话语以展现,源于人臣具有被政体所认可的治理权力。刘安《谏伐闽表》全文彰显“德”的话语形态,即是在此背景支撑下生成的,其他表文的话语生成同样受此影响。君臣共治角度的表文分析,不同于“专制”视野下的研究,是主动以表文观照制度的跨学科研究。In the Western Han Dynasty,the two systems,monarchy and“Co-governance between Monarchs and Officials”,were dependent from each other.And the legitimate power status of officials is granted by the political system.Official documents and political systems are closely linked.In the Western Han dynasty,compared with other literary genres such as Zhang(章),Zou(奏),and Yi(议),Biao(表)can better demonstrate the independent power status of the officials.The document form of“No Blank Heading”,the discourse style that does not emphasize“to inform”or“to submit”,“to discuss on confidential matters”,the content that can go beyond laws and regulations to impeach or recommend,the theme of emphasizing virtue to supervise the monarch,and the monarch's emphasis on ministers submitting Biao are all manifestations of the independent power status of the ministers in this case.The status of the subject power of officials can be demonstrated through the system of Biao and its discourse,which stems from the recognized governance power of officials by the political system.The discourse form of Liu An's Jian Fa Min Biao(Remonstrate to Conquer Min)is generated under such background,and the discourse generation of other Biao is also influenced by that.The discourse analysis of Biao from the perspective of the co-governance between monarchs and officials is an interdisciplinary study that actively reflects on the system through discourse,which is different from the general research from the perspective of“authoritarianism”.

关 键 词：君臣共治 奏议 表文话语 《谏伐闽表》 汉武帝 刘安 

分 类 号：I207.62[文学—中国文学]