云南省苹果褐座坚壳菌分布及其对杀菌剂的敏感性  

Distribution of white root rot pathogen Rosellinia necatrix in Yunnan Province and its sensitivity to fungicides

作　　者：罗强 莫艳芳 张义杰 施竹凤 陈齐斌[1] 杨佩文[2] Luo Qiang;Mo Yanfang;Zhang Yijie;Shi Zhufeng;Chen Qibin;Yang Peiwen(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan Province,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 652025,Yunnan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,昆明652025

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2024年第6期1373-1382,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：云南省科技计划重大科技专项(202202AE090029);云南省兴滇英才计划项目(XDYC-CYCX-2022-0071)。

摘　　要：为明确云南省苹果根腐病主要致病菌褐座坚壳菌Rosellinia necatrix的分布及其对5种常用杀菌剂的敏感性,从云南省6个州(市)15个县(区)苹果种植区采集210份根腐病典型样品,采用组织分离法进行病原分离,并利用rDNA ITS基因序列比对进行分析鉴定,采用菌落生长速率法测定各地区代表菌株对蛇床子素、吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、甲基硫菌灵和噁霉灵5种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明:经分离纯化共获得236株菌株,其中褐座坚壳菌的分离频率为70.76%,其在昆明市富民县、石林县、禄劝县,曲靖市马龙区、麒麟区,昭通市朝阳区、鲁甸县,红河哈尼族彝族自治州蒙自市、弥勒市,丽江市古城区和大理白族自治州大理市、洱源县、剑川县、漾濞县的14个县区均发生危害。药剂敏感性测定结果显示,蛇床子素、吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、甲基硫菌灵和噁霉灵EC50范围分别为5.08~457.69、0.28~6.49、0.12~6.59、0.35~3.51和3.51~140.53 mg/L;频次正态分布敏感性分析发现褐座坚壳菌对蛇床子素、吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、甲基硫菌灵和噁霉灵呈现左正偏态,表明出现了敏感性降低的亚群体;敏感性聚类分析结果表明,云南省苹果褐座坚壳菌对药剂的敏感性有地域性差异;相关性分析结果表明,褐座坚壳菌对咪鲜胺和吡唑醚菌酯敏感性存在正相关,出现双抗现象。说明褐座坚壳菌是引起云南苹果种植区根腐病发生的主要病原菌。In order to guide the scientific control of apple root rot,the distribution of Rosellinia necatrix on the apple root in Yunnan Province,and its sensitivity to five commonly used fungicides were investi-gated.A total of 210 typical root rot samples were collected from apple-growing regions in 15 counties(districts)in six cities(or prefectures)of Yunnan Province.The pathogens were isolated using tissue sep-aration techniques,and species identification was performed through rDNA(rRNA gene)and ITS se-quencing.The sensitivity of representative isolates from each region to five fungicides,osthole,pyra-clostrobin,prochloraz,thiophanate-methyl,and hymexazol,was assessed using colony growth rate as-says.The results indicated that a total of 236 isolates were obtained,with R.necatrix accounting for 70.76%of the isolates.R.necatrix was found to be widely distributed across 14 counties and districts,including Fumin,Shilin,and Luquan in Kunming;Malong and Qilin in Qujing;Chaoyang and Ludian in Zhaotong;Mengzi and Mile in Honghe;Gucheng in Lijiang;and Dali,Eryuan,Jianchuan,and Yangbi in Dali,where it caused significant damage.The results of the fungicide sensitivity tests showed that the ECso values for osthole,pyraclostrobin,prochloraz,thiophanate-methyl,and hymexazol ranged from 5.08 to 457.69,0.28 to 6.49,0.12 to 6.59,0.35 to 3.51,and 3.51 to 140.53 mg/L,respectively.Frequen-cy normal distribution analysis revealed a left-skewed sensitivity distribution for R.necatrix to osthole,pyraclostrobin,prochloraz,thiophanate-methyl,and hymexazol,indicating the presence of subpopula-tions with reduced sensitivity.Cluster analysis of sensitivity demonstrated regional variations in fungi-cide sensitivity of R.necatrix causing apple root rot in Yunnan Province.Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between the sensitivities of R.necatrix to prochloraz and pyraclostrobin,suggest-ing the occurrence of dual resistance.R.necatrix is the main pathogen that causes root rot disease in ap-ple plantations in Yunnan Province.

关 键 词：苹果根腐病 褐座坚壳菌 分布 杀菌剂 敏感性 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]