景观组成异质性对稻田节肢动物功能群数量和多样性影响的尺度效应  

Scale effect of landscape compositional heterogeneity on the abundances and diversity of arthropod functional groups in early paddy fields

作　　者：夏志想 李金花 杨泉峰 蔡笃程 郑华[3] Xia Zhixiang;Li Jinhua;Yang Quanfeng;Cai Ducheng;Zheng Hua(Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan Province,China;School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海口570228 [2]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2024年第6期1476-1483,共8页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(42301109);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(BLX202327)。

摘　　要：为明确多空间尺度景观组成异质性对稻田不同节肢动物功能群发生的影响,选择海南省文昌市具有明显景观组成差异梯度的17个早稻田景观,综合运用稻田节肢动物各功能群调查数据和土地覆被分类数据,使用线性混合效应模型分析4个空间尺度(0.1、0.25、0.5和1.0 km)下,稻田、半自然生境(草地、灌丛和撂荒地)、城市、森林面积占比以及景观斑块多样性对植食性害虫、捕食性天敌、寄生性天敌和中性昆虫发生数量和多样性的影响。结果显示:从发生数量来看,在较小的空间尺度(0.1 km和0.25 km)下,捕食性天敌、寄生性天敌和中性昆虫的发生数量随着景观斑块多样性的增加而增加。从多样性来看,在0.25 km和1.0 km空间尺度下,中性昆虫多样性随着景观斑块多样性或半自然生境占比的增加而显著增加;在0.5 km空间尺度下,寄生性天敌和捕食性天敌的多样性随着半自然生境占比的增加而显著增加。而植食性害虫的发生数量和多样性受各景观组成面积占比或斑块多样性的影响均不明显。表明在海南省文昌市早稻田景观中,在中小尺度(0.1~0.5 km)下增加景观斑块多样性和半自然生境面积占比有助于保护天敌。To determine the influence of landscape compositional heterogeneity on the occurrence of different arthropod functional groups in paddy fields at multiple spatial scales,17 early paddy fields with distinct landscape composition gradients in Wenchang City,Hainan Province were selected.Data on land cover classification and arthropod functional group surveys in paddy fields were combined and analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model to examine the effects of landscape compositional heteroge-neity(the area ratio of paddy fields,semi-natural habitats,urban and forest patches,and landscape patch diversity)on the abundance and diversity of herbivores,predators,parasitoids and neutral insects at four spatial scales(0.1,0.25,0.5,and 1.0 km).The results showed that at smaller spatial scales(0.1 km and 0.25 km),the abundances of predators,parasitoids and neutral insects increased with higher landscape patch diversity.At the 0.25 km and 1.0 km spatial scales,neutral insect diversity increased with higher landscape patch diversity or the proportion of semi-natural habitats.At the 0.5 km spatial scale,the di-versity of parasitoids and predators increased with a higher proportion of semi-natural habitats.In con-trast,the abundance and diversity of herbivores were not significantly affected by any landscape compo-sitional factors.These findings suggest that increasing landscape patch diversity and the proportion of semi-natural habitats at small to medium scales(0.1-0.5 km)can enhance the protection of natural ene-mies in early paddy field landscapes of Wenchang City,Hainan Province.

关 键 词：景观组成异质性 空间尺度 植食性害虫 捕食性天敌 寄生性天敌 中性昆虫 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]