干旱胁迫对旱地冬小麦产量及其抗旱相关基因表达的影响  

Effects of drought stress on yield and expression ofdrought-resistant genes in dryland winter wheat

作　　者：杨虓[1,2,3] 陈德来 刘自成[1,2,3] 李静[4] 施万喜 孟建军 YANG Xiao;CHEN Delai;LIU Zicheng;LI Jing;SHI Wanxi;MENG Jianjun(College of Agriculture and Biological Engineering,Longdong University,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Longdong Dryland Crop Germplasm Improvement and Industrialization,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Application of Dryland Winter Wheat in Gansu Province,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;Dingxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Dingxi,Gansu 743000,China)

机构地区：[1]陇东学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]陇东旱地作物种质改良及产业化协同创新中心,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]甘肃省旱地冬小麦种质创新与应用工程研究中心,甘肃庆阳745000 [4]定西市安定区农业技术推广中心,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2025年第1期69-75,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划-农业类(22YFM126);甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RM191)。

摘　　要：为研究陇东旱地育成冬小麦品系的抗旱性与抗旱功能基因的关系,以6个旱地冬小麦新品系为试验材料,于2021—2022年、2022—2023年2个生长季在陇东学院西峰旱作农业试验站设置雨养无灌溉(CK)、旱棚防雨(干旱胁迫)和调控灌溉3个水分处理,测定各品系冬小麦产量,评价其抗旱性,并分析了抗旱相关功能基因的相对表达量。结果表明,在水分胁迫和供水充足(含水量为70%田间持水量)情况下,6个小麦品系产量差值变化不一致,品系C(‘1576-2-0-2’)和品系D(‘15119-1-0-2’)两年试验结果的差值均最小,其余4个品系差值均超过平均差值。由雨养无灌溉试验结果可知,2022年为大旱年份,品系C、D的产量在6个供试品系中分别位居第1和第3,抗旱系数分别为0.89和1.02;2023年为相对丰水年,品系C、D的抗旱系数分别为0.77和1.12,说明这两个品系对气候异常不敏感,抗旱性良好。通过荧光定量PCR技术分析6个小麦品系在灌浆期干旱胁迫下旗叶中的相对表达量,结果显示TaCRT-D基因在6个品系中的表达水平最高,Wdreb2、XTH-7A、WIip19、TaCRT-D在品系C、D中的表达量高于其他品系。田间试验结果与PEG-6000高渗溶液模拟发芽期和苗期干旱胁迫的鉴定结果相一致,表明6个品系中‘1576-2-0-2’和‘15119-1-0-2’品系抗旱性强,且干旱胁迫下灌浆期旗叶中抗旱功能基因TaCRT-D的表达量可以作为冬小麦早期世代抗旱选择参考指标。To investigate the relationship between the drought resistance of newly developed winter wheat strains in the drylands of eastern Gansu Province and their drought-resistant functional genes,six new dryland winter wheat strains were selected as experimental materials.These were planted at the Xifeng Dry Farming Agricultural Experimental Station of Longdong University during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 growing seasons.Three water treatments were set up:rain-fed without irrigation(CK),drought shelter to prevent rain(drought stress) and regulated irrigation.The yield was measured to evaluate their drought resistance,and the relative expression levels of drought-related functional genes were analyzed.The results showed that the yield difference of 6 wheat strains showed inconsistent changes under water stress and 70% of the field capcity.The yield difference between two years of C(‘1576-2-0-2') and D(‘15119-1-0-2') was the smallest,and the differences of the other 4 strains were more than the average difference.In the rain-fed without irrigation experiment,the year 2022 was identified as a severe drought year.The yields of strains C and D ranked first and third among the six tested strains,and the drought resistance coefficients of 0.89 and 1.02,respectively.In 2023,a relatively wet year,the drought resistance coefficients for strains C and D were 0.77 and 1.12,indicating that these two strains were less sensitive to climate anomalies and had good drought resistance.The relative expression levels of six drought-resistant functional genes were analyzed in the flag leaves of six wheat strains during the grain filling stage under drought stress using fluorescence quantitative PCR.The results showed the TaCRT-D gene had the highest expression level in these strains.The expression levels of Wdreb2,XTH-7A,WIip19,and TaCRT-D in strains C and D were higher than those in other strains.The field trial results align with the identification outcomes observed at the germination and seedling stages under drought stress simulate

关 键 词：旱地冬小麦 早期世代 干旱胁迫 抗旱基因 育种筛选 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] Q943.2[生物学—植物学]