旱区棉田土壤水分时空变化及利用效率对种植密度的响应  

Response of soil moisture spatiotemporal variations and utilizationefficiency to planting density in cotton fields in arid regions

作　　者：董祯林 李亚兵[2] 马云珍 万素梅[1] 董红强[1] 杨北方 冯璐[2] 高飞 周吉双 王程 赵湛 燕飞 陈国栋[1] 熊世武 DONG Zhenlin;LI Yabing;MA Yunzhen;WAN Sumei;DONG Hongqiang;YANG Beifang;FENG Lu;GAO Fei;ZHOU Jishuang;WANG Cheng;ZHAO Zhan;YAN Fei;CHEN Guodong;XIONG Shiwu(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang,Henan 455000,China;Xinjiang Yuxiang Huyang Chemical Co.,Ltd,Shaya,Xinjiang 842200,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [3]新疆玉象胡杨化工有限公司,新疆沙雅842200

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2025年第1期168-179,共12页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02049);新疆兵团指导性科技计划项目(2023ZD103);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKCX202309);塔里木大学研究生科研创新项目(TDGRI202317)。

摘　　要：为探究覆膜滴灌条件下不同种植密度对棉田土壤水分时空变化特征及水分利用效率的影响,以‘中棉113’为试验材料,于2022—2023年在一膜六行行距配置的基础上设置6个密度处理(9、12、15、18、21、24万株·hm^(-2)),采用空间网格法布置土壤三参数传感器和云平台采集棉田土壤水分数据,分析不同种植密度下土壤水分时空变化特征及产量差异。结果表明,随着生育时期的推进,各密度处理的土壤水分含量均有所增加,当种植密度为21万株·hm^(-2)时土壤水分含量变化最为稳定,维持于0.18~0.20 m^(3)·m^(-3)范围;在整个生育期内,土壤水分在垂直方向10~70 cm位置变化最为活跃。苗后45 d和75 d前后,各处理棉株群体对水分的消耗量达到最大,生育后期逐渐减小;棉株水分消耗量随种植密度的增加而增大,各生育时期的土壤水分消耗量表现为花铃期>蕾期>苗期>吐絮期。两个试验年份籽棉产量和水分利用效率均随种植密度的增大先增加后减小,当种植密度为21万株·hm^(-2)时,棉花产量和水分利用效率最高,2022年和2023年产量较其余处理分别提高4.38%~14.09%和5.16%~12.75%,水分利用效率较其余处理分别提高1.32%~9.60%和1.63%~10.08%。因此,一膜六行行距配置下21万株·hm^(-2)可作为旱区棉花实现高产节水的适宜种植密度。To investigate the effects of different planting densities on the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil moisture and water utilization efficiency in cotton fields under film-covered drip irrigation conditions,‘Zhongmian 113' was used as the experimental material.Six planting density treatments(0.9×10^(5),1.2×10^(5),1.5×10^(5),1.8×10^(5),2.1×10^(5) plant·hm^(-2),and 2.4×10^(5) plant·hm^(-2)) were established based on a one-film and six-row spacing configuration.A spatial grid method was employed to arrange soil three-parameter sensors,and a cloud platform was used to collect soil moisture data from the cotton fields.The spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture and yield differences under different planting densities were then analyzed.The results showed that the soil moisture content in all treatments increased as the reproductive period progressed.The most stable change in soil moisture content was observed at a planting density of 2.1×10^(5) plants·hm^(-2),where it remained within the range of 0.18 to 0.20 m^(3)·m^(-3).Throughout the reproductive period,changes in soil moisture were most pronounced in the vertical direction within the 10~70 cm depth.Around 45 and 75 days after seedling,the water consumption of the cotton plant population in each treatment peaked,then gradually decreased in the later stages of fertility.Water consumption by the cotton plants increased with higher planting density,and the soil water consumption during each fertility period was as follows:flowering bell stage>bud stage>seedling stage>flocculation stage.Seed cotton yield and water use efficiency was both increased and then decreased with the increase of planting density,and when the planting density was 2.1×10^(5) plants·hm^(-2)(D4 treatment),the cotton exhibited the highest yield and water use efficiency.Yield was enhanced by 4.38%~14.09% and 5.16%~12.75%,respectively,compared to the other treatments,while water use efficiency increased by 1.32%~9.60% and 1.63%~10.08% compared to the other treatments.T

关 键 词：棉花 种植密度 水分时空变化 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S152.71