柴达木盆地温室西瓜生育期气象服务指标研究  

Meteorological service indicators for growth periodof greenhouse watermelon in the Qaidam Basin

作　　者：雷玉红 李春晖 邓海峰 马亮 颜亮东[1] 哈金龙 李积芳 LEI Yuhong;LI Chunhui;DENG Haifeng;MA Liang;YAN Liangdong;HA Jinlong;LI Jifang(Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Xining,Qinghai 810001,China;Golmud Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province,Golmud,Qinghai 816099,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省格尔木市气象局,青海格尔木816099

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2025年第1期232-240,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：青海省防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金重点攻关项目(QFZ-2021-G05)。

摘　　要：为凝练柴达木盆地西瓜温室种植的气象服务指标,于2022—2023年在柴达木盆地诺木洪地区开展了为期2 a的西瓜温室栽培试验,观测获取不同播期设施西瓜的生长周期、各阶段发育期、产量及其构成因素等数据,利用同期温室内对应气温、空气相对湿度、地温及CO_(2)浓度等气象要素进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同播期设施西瓜的生育期平均日数为80~135 d,4月中旬~6月上旬热量条件较好,西瓜能获得较高的产量,两年产量可维持于7.12~16.14 kg之间;对病虫害红蜘蛛、白粉病的发生发展规律进行研究发现,5—9月的气象条件均能引起这两种病虫害的发生;将西瓜产量与不同气象指标进行相关性分析发现,膨大~成熟期、成熟~收获期日平均气温与产量之间,抽蔓~坐果期相对湿度与产量之间,坐果~膨大期CO_(2)浓度与产量之间存在显著或极显著的相关关系,同时得出了西瓜各发育期气象要素适宜指标值。To enhance meteorological service indicators for watermelon greenhouse cultivation in the Qaidam Basin,a two-year cultivation experiment was conducted in the Nomuhong area from 2022 to 2023.The experiment provided comprehensive data on the growth cycle,developmental stages,yield factors,and yield of greenhouse-grown watermelon of different sowing dates over the observation period.Correlation analysis was conducted using corresponding meteorological factors such as temperature,relative humidity,ground temperature,and CO_(2) concentration in the greenhouse during the same period.The results showed that the average duration of the growth period of facility watermelons ranged from 80 to 135 days.When planted from mid-April to early June with better heat conditions,the watermelon achieved higher yields,the two-year yield of watermelon was maintained between 7.12 kg to 16.14 kg.Research on the occurrence and progression of diseases and pests,including red spider mites and powdery mildew,revealed that meteorological conditions from May to September were conducive to their emergence and spread.The correlation analysis between watermelon yield and different meteorological indicators showed that the correlation between the average daily temperature during bulking to mature stage and mature to harvest stage and yield,and the correlation between relative humidity during vines to fruiting stage and yield,and the correlation between CO_(2) concentration during fruiting to bulking stage and yield were significant or extremely significant.At the same time,optimal meteorological indicators for different stages of watermelon development were determined.

关 键 词：温室西瓜 播期 观测试验 气象服务指标 柴达木盆地 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学] S162.5[农业科学—园艺学]