面向物联网的区块链共识算法综述  

Review of blockchain consensus algorithms for internet of things

作　　者：牛科迪 李敏 姚中原 斯雪明 NIU Kedi;LI Min;YAO Zhongyuan;SI Xueming(The Frontier Information Technology Research Institute,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou Henan 450007,China;Henan International Joint Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Sharing(Zhongyuan University of Technology),Zhengzhou Henan 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院前沿信息技术研究院,郑州450007 [2]河南省区块链与数据共享国际联合实验室(中原工学院),郑州450007

出　　处：《计算机应用》2024年第12期3678-3687,共10页journal of Computer Applications

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“区块链”专项(2023YFB2703600)。

摘　　要：目前大多数共识算法都需要较高的计算能力或特定的通信环境,不适合用于资源受限的物联网(IoT)。针对传统的区块链中的共识算法应用到IoT时的局限性,综述了面向IoT的区块链共识算法。首先,从基于实用拜占庭容错算法(PBFT)的改进共识算法、基于其他共识算法的改进算法和适用IoT的新型区块链共识算法这3个类别的方向介绍和总结归纳面向IoT的共识算法;其次,建立共识算法的基本评价指标体系,并从去中心化、可扩展性、安全性、延迟和能耗等5个方面对比共识算法;最后,分析面向IoT的共识算法面临的挑战与未来研究方向。基本评价指标体系分析表明,新型共识算法比基于传统共识算法进行改进的共识算法更适配IoT,为面向IoT的区块链共识算法研究提供了参考。Most of the current consensus algorithms require high computing power or specific communication environment and are not suitable for resource-constrained Internet of Things(IoT).In view of the limitations of the traditional consensus algorithms in blockchain applied to IoT,blockchain consensus algorithms for IoT were reviewed.Firstly,the consensus algorithms for IoT were introduced and summarized from three categories:improved consensus algorithms based on Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT),improved algorithms based on other consensus algorithms,and new blockchain consensus algorithms suitable for IoT.Secondly,a basic evaluation index system of consensus algorithms was established to compare consensus algorithms from five aspects:decentralization,scalability,security,latency,and energy consumption.Finally,the challenges and future research directions of consensus algorithms for IoT were analyzed.Analysis of the basic evaluation index system shows that the new blockchain consensus algorithms are more suitable for IoT than the improved consensus algorithms based on the traditional consensus algorithms,providing a reference for research on blockchain consensus algorithms for IoT.

关 键 词：区块链 共识算法 物联网 实用拜占庭容错算法 基本评价指标体系 

分 类 号：TP311.13[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]