基于区块链和零知识证明的高速公路自由流收费方法  

Highway free-flow tolling method based on blockchain and zero-knowledge proof

作　　者：王一帆 林绍福 李云江 WANG Yifan;LIN Shaofu;LI Yunjiang(Faculty of Information Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学信息学部,北京100124

出　　处：《计算机应用》2024年第12期3741-3750,共10页journal of Computer Applications

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFF0305400)。

摘　　要：针对目前智慧交通中高速公路自由流收费方案里因车辆套牌导致的车辆逃费和数据集中式存储可能引起的用户隐私泄露至集中式实体的问题,提出一种基于区块链和零知识证明的高速公路自由流收费方法。首先,设计视频监控逃费检测机制确保高速公路上车辆的合规性;其次,设计区块链中的智能合约将车辆位置证书(LC)和付费数据加密存储于分布式账本,并引入零知识证明技术在保护隐私的情况下确保支付的正确性;同时,在零知识电路中设计根据车辆行驶里程收费的算法。理论分析与模拟实验结果表明,所提方法在正常情况下能实现位置隐私零知识的实际行驶里程正确收费,在异常情况下能及时预警并记录至区块链上;所提方法的平均收费时间相较于传统人工收费方法由原来的38.0 s降低至1.8 s,而相较于基于5G和电子不停车收费系统ETC(Electronic Toll Collection)结合的收费方法,所提方法的平均收费时间减少了约0.1 s;对于相同的入站与出站口,不同路线的信息网络可信第三方信息采集点(ICP)数量重合度越低,根据行驶里程的收费越精准。In response to the issues of vehicle toll evasion caused by license plate cloning and potential user privacy leaking to centralized entity due to centralized data storage in the current intelligent transportation highway free-flow tolling schemes,a highway free-flow tolling method based on blockchain and zero-knowledge proof was developed.Initially,a video surveillance mechanism for toll evasion detection was designed to ensure the compliance of vehicles on highways.Subsequently,smart contracts in the blockchain were designed to encrypt and store vehicle Location Certificate(LC)and payment data in a distributed ledger,and zero-knowledge proof technology was introduced to ensure the correctness of payment while protecting privacy.At the same time,an algorithm for charging tolls based on the vehicles mileage was designed within the zero-knowledge circuit.Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that under normal conditions,the proposed method can achieve correct tolling based on the actual mileage with zero-knowledge of location privacy,and in the event of exceptions,the proposed method can provide timely warnings and record anomalies on the blockchain;compared to traditional manual tolling method,the proposed method has the average tolling time reduced from 38.0 s to 1.8 s,and has the decrease of about 0.1 s compared to the tolling method combining 5G and electronic non-stop toll collection system ETC(Electronic Toll Collection)in average tolling time.For the same entry and exit,the lower the overlap ratio in the number of information network trusted third-party Information Collection Point(ICP)of different routes,the more accurate the mileage-based tolling.

关 键 词：高速公路 自由流收费 隐私保护 区块链 零知识证明 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]