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作 者:佟家栋[1] 于博 TONG Jiadong;YU Bo
机构地区:[1]南开大学,天津市300071 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津市3000071
出 处:《世界经济与政治论坛》2025年第1期1-21,171,共22页Forum of World Economics & Politics
摘 要:改革开放以来,我国技术创新步伐不断加快,在全球价值链和国际分工中的参与程度逐步加深,国家比较优势逐渐和美国“趋同”,这被美国视为对其战略利益的重大威胁。在中美战略博弈背景下,美国通过设置关税壁垒、实施科技封锁等手段,对我国经济结构和供应链产生了较大冲击,这在一定程度上阻碍了我国比较优势升级的进程。数字经济的蓬勃发展推动了产业升级转型与要素禀赋结构的调整,有利于我国构建新比较优势。一方面,从参与生产过程的生产要素的数量看,数据要素作为新要素,与劳动力、资本等传统要素一同被纳入生产函数,改变了我国要素禀赋结构,催生出新的生产方式。另一方面,数智技术提高了各生产要素的流动性,有利于资源有效配置和产业路径升级,降低了生产、消费、流通等环节的各项成本,又颠覆性地创造了新的产品和服务,并促进其规模效应的形成,从而构建了产品的新比较优势和生产能力的新比较优势。Since the reform and opening up,the pace of technological innovation of China has continuously accelerated,and its participation in the global value chain and international division of labor has gradually deepened.China's comparative advantages have gradually converged with those of the United States,which is perceived by the U.S.as a significant threat to its strategic interests.Against the backdrop of strategic competition between China and the U.S.,the U.S.has imposed tariff barriers,enforced technological blockades and other measures,causing considerable impacts on China's economic structure and supply chain.Thereby hindering the upgrading process of China's comparative advantages to some extent.The vigorous development of the digital economy has promoted industrial upgrading and transformation,as well as the adjustment to the factor endowment structures,which is conducive to China's establishment of new comparative advantages.On the one hand,from the perspective of the quantity of production factors involved in the production process,data elements as a new factor,have been incorporated into the production function along with traditional factors such as labor and capital,changing China's factor endowment structure and giving rise to new modes of production.On the other hand,digital intelligence technology has enhanced the mobility of various production factors,facilitating the effective allocation of resources and the upgrading of industrial paths.It has reduced costs in production,consumption,and circulation,and disruptively created new products and services,while also promoting the formation of scale effects,thereby establishing new comparative advantages in products and production capabilities.
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