美国社会的“政治正确”之争及其选举效应  

The Debate on“Political Correctness”in American Society and Its Impact on Elections

作　　者：林玲[1] LIN Ling

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学英语学院、美国研究中心,上海市200083

出　　处：《世界经济与政治论坛》2025年第1期40-55,171,172,共18页Forum of World Economics & Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“美国政党政治演化及其政治影响研究”(23BGJ045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自20世纪60年代民权运动以来,大学校园作为美国社会“政治正确”之争的发源地与前沿阵地,呈现出进步派和保守派之间基于族裔、性别、性取向等系列问题的价值观分野与博弈。20世纪六七十年代,“政治正确”的早期发展对促进美国少数族群平权与社会公正具有重要意义。近年来,随着“黑命亦命”反种族主义运动的高涨,左翼身份政治开始与“觉醒主义”“取消文化”合流,推动“政治正确”的激进化,进而激发了右翼的“反‘政治正确’”运动。与20世纪末集中于美国校园的“政治正确”论战不同,近年来的“政治正确”之争已远远溢出大学校园,呈现出与选举政治的深度结合,“反‘政治正确’”运动成为特朗普右翼民粹政治动员的重要策略。Since the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s,American university campuses,as the birthplace and frontline battleground for debates on“political correctness”in American society,have embodied the division and contest of values between progressives and conservatives on issues such as ethnicity,gender and sexual orientation.The early development of“political correctness”in the 1960s and 1970s played a significant role in promoting equal rights for American minority groups and social justice.In recent years,however,with the anti-racism movement“Black Lives Matter”gaining momentum,left-wing identity politics has converged with“wokeism”and“cancel culture”,driving the radicalization of“political correctness”,and which in turn triggered the right-wing“anti-political correctness”movement.Different from the debates over“political correctness”on American campuses at the end of the 20th Century,controversies around“political correctness”in recent years have extended far beyond the university campuses to be deeply integrated with electoral politics.The“anti-political correctness”movement has thus further evolved into an important strategy for Trump in his right-wing populist political mobilization.

关 键 词：政治正确 觉醒主义 取消文化 反政治正确运动 选举政治 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]