近红外荧光成像在泌尿系疾病诊疗中的研究进展  

Research progress of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in the diagnosisand treatment of urinary system diseases

作　　者：张炜杰 阿卜杜热合曼·则比布拉 乔炳璋 木拉提·热夏提[1] ZHANG Weijie;Abudureheman·Zebibula;QIAO Bingzhang;Mulati·Rexiati(Department of Urology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2025年第2期286-291,共6页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(82260139,82360353);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(2022D01C763)。

摘　　要：传统检查方法在泌尿系疾病的临床诊疗中发挥着重要作用,但这些方法往往存在检查耗时长、检查频繁等问题,从而导致X射线或放射性同位素过度暴露,以及造影剂过敏等风险。光学成像是一种无辐射、高时空分辨率和高灵敏度的实时成像技术,具有广泛的应用前景。相比于可见光,近红外光在穿透深度和降低组织自身荧光方面具有显著优势,可提供高信噪比的成像效果。其不仅能够清晰地展现泌尿系统的解剖结构,还可以用于无创评估肾功能水平及变化。此外,一些纳米探针因具有肾脏清除速率快及荧光强度优异等特点,可用于术中评估输尿管的受损及术后修复情况。同时,具有肿瘤靶向性的探针能够精确地标记肿瘤位置,从而协助术者切除肿瘤并判断切缘的性质,具备手术导航能力。作为当前的研究热点,近红外荧光成像在泌尿系疾病的诊断和治疗中展现出巨大的发展潜力。本文旨在综述相关荧光探针的制备策略及其在泌尿系统结构、功能和肿瘤特异性成像领域的研究进展。同时总结目前近红外荧光成像的局限性,并展望其未来的应用方向。Traditional examinations for urinary diseases are of great importance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.However,these methods entail a number of potential risks,including lengthy test times,excessive exposure to X-rays or radioisotopes due to the frequency of tests,and the possibility of an allergic reaction to contrast media.Optical imaging is a radiation-free,high-spatiotemporal-resolution,and high sensitivity real-time imaging technology with a wide range of potential applications.In comparison to visible light,near-infrared light has the capacity to significantly enhance both the penetration depth and fluorescence intensity,while simultaneously providing a high signal-to-noise ratio imaging effect.In addition to providing a clear image of urinary system anatomy,this method can also be employed for the early,non-invasive assessment of renal function.Furthermore,due to their advantageous renal clearance rate and specific binding to tumors,certain probes can be employed to assess intraoperative repair of damaged ureters,direct tumor resection and ascertain the characteristics of incisal margins,and possess the capacity for surgical navigation.As a topic of considerable current interest in the scientific community,near infrared fluorescence imaging has demonstrated considerable potential in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary diseases.The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the preparation strategies for relevant fluorescent probes along with their research progress in the field of urinary system structure,function,and tumor imaging.Additionally,it will highlight the limitations associated with NIR fluorescence imaging and offer insights into potential future applications.

关 键 词：泌尿系统 近红外 荧光成像 经肾清除 

分 类 号：R69[医药卫生—泌尿科学]