二氧化碳加氢制甲酸的研究进展  

Recent advances in carbon dioxide hydrogenation to formic acid

作　　者：李梦威 王森[1] 董梅[1] 王建国[1,2] 樊卫斌 Mengwei Li;Sen Wang;Mei Dong;Jianguo Wang;&Weibin Fan(State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Taiyuan 030001,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所,煤炭高效低碳利用全国重点实验室,太原030001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第1期17-26,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4103700);国家自然科学基金(21991090,21991092,U22A20431,22272195,22322208);山西省自然科学基金(202203021224009);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2021172)资助。

摘　　要：化石能源的大量使用促进了经济社会的快速发展,但也导致二氧化碳(CO_(2))大量释放.截至2023年,全球CO_(2)排放超过374亿吨.大气中CO_(2)含量的急剧增加造成了严重的温室效应和海水酸化等问题,但CO_(2)反过来是一种含量多且清洁无毒的碳资源.通过催化加氢,可有效将CO_(2)转化生成多种高附加值烃类及含氧化合物.其中,甲酸是良好的储氢载体,可直接用于甲酸燃料电池,也有利于解决氢的储运问题.因此,CO_(2)加氢制甲酸不仅可以有效减轻CO_(2)大量排放造成的全球温室效应,而且也开辟了制备甲酸的新途径.本文综述了当前CO_(2)加氢制甲酸的研究进展,着重探讨了CO_(2)加氢制甲酸不同催化体系的优缺点及反应性能,深入认识了金属-载体间的相互作用及载体限域效应对金属物种结构、分散度及催化性能的影响机制.The massive utilization of fossil resources,such as coal,petroleum and natural gas,has spurred rapid societal advancement,however,it has also led to excessive carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions.In 2022,global atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations reached 417.9±0.2 ppm,and marking a new record high over the past two million years.This substantial in CO_(2)levels contributes to intensified greenhouse effects and widespread environmental issues.By 2023,the annual average temperature increased to 1.45±0.12°C above pre-industrial levels,further approaching the 1.5°C temperature control target set by the Paris Agreement,resulting in notable significant negative economic and social consequences.Mitigating CO_(2)emissions and controlling atmospheric CO_(2)levels have thus become urgent global priorities.Given that CO_(2)is a clean abundant carbon resource,it can be catalytically hydrogenated into valuable C1compounds,such as methane(CH_(4)),methanol(CH3OH),formic acid(HCOOH) and carbon monoxide(CO),as well as C^(2+)products,such as like alkenes,aromatics,gasoline,diesel and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) etc.The conversion of CO_(2into) value-added products helps reduce atmospheric CO_(2)content and provides a sustainable pathway for producing essential chemicals.Amongst these products,formic acid stands out as a fundamental organic chemical feedstock with extensive applications in leather production,pharmaceutical,textile printing,dyeing,agriculture,paper manufacturing and chemical industries.In addition,formic acid serves as a crucial hydrogen energy,carrier with a hydrogen storage capacity of up to 53 g L-1.It exhibits low toxicity and flammability,making it safe and practical for storage and transportation.Consequently,the selective conversion of CO_(2)to formic acid holds promise for mitigating the global greenhouse effect,while enabling synthesis of valuable chemical precursors.Nevertheless,this reaction has a significant challenge that cannot be overlooked,the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to formic acid necessitates simulta

关 键 词：CO_(2)加氢 甲酸 非均相催化剂 金属-载体相互作用 限域效应 

分 类 号：TQ225.121[化学工程—有机化工] X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]