一株高氯酸盐还原细菌的分离鉴定与代谢特性  

Isolation,identification and characterization of a perchlorate-reducing bacterium

作　　者：罗文勇 王皓明 胡光荣[2,3,4] 李福利 李捷[1] LUO Wenyong;WANG Haoming;HU Guangrong;LI Fuli;LI Jie(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,Shandong,China;Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China;Shandong Energy Institute,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China;Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东青岛266520 [2]中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,山东青岛266101 [3]山东能源研究院,山东青岛266101 [4]青岛新能源山东省实验室,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2025年第1期152-167,共16页Microbiology China

基　　金：国防科技创新特区项目。

摘　　要：【背景】高氯酸盐是新型的水体污染物,利用微生物对含高氯酸盐的工业废液进行无害化处理具有高效、经济和环境友好性的特点。【目的】挖掘生长速度快、活性强、还原效率高的本土高氯酸盐还原细菌资源。【方法】从活性污泥中分离筛选高氯酸盐还原细菌,使用分子生物学技术对其进行种属鉴定,并通过微生物培养实验探究分离菌株的生理代谢特性。【结果】最终分离得到一株高氯酸盐还原细菌QD19-16,经过16SrRNA基因分析鉴定其属于布鲁氏杆菌(Brucella sp.)。菌株QD19-16属于兼性厌氧菌,最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH 7.0。菌株QD19-16是异养微生物,表现出多样的代谢能力,可以利用多种电子供体,如乙酸盐、酵母提取物和乳酸等,能够利用的电子受体包括硝酸盐、高氯酸盐、氯酸盐、硫酸盐和氧气等。在厌氧条件下,以高氯酸盐作为电子受体生长时,菌株QD19-16的最大比生长速率(μ_(max))为0.279 d^(-1),对高氯酸盐的半饱和常数(K_(s))为0.294mmol/L。【结论】菌株QD19-16是布鲁氏菌属中第一株被发现的高氯酸盐还原菌,扩大了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)中高氯酸盐还原菌的分布,能够应用于厌氧生物反应器中高氯酸盐还原微生物菌群的构建。[Background]Perchlorate is a new water pollutant,and using microorganisms for harmless treatment of industrial wastewater containing perchlorate has high efficiency,low costs,and environmental friendliness.[Objective]However,the resources of local perchloratereducing bacteria with fast growth,strong activity,and high reduction efficiency are extremely scarce and urgently need to be explored.[Methods]In this study,we isolated and screened perchlorate-reducing bacteria from activated sludge,identified their species using molecular biology techniques,and explored the physiological and metabolic characteristics of the isolated strains through microbial culture experiments.[Results]Finally,a perchlorate-reducing bacterial strain QD19-16 was isolated and identified as Brucella sp.by 16S rRNA gene analysis.Strain QD19-16 was an anaerobic facultative bacterium,with optimal growth at 30℃and pH 7.0.Strain QD19-16 demonstrated a variety of metabolic activities and showed the ability to use acetate,yeast extract,and lactic acid as electron donors and perchlorate,chlorate,sulfate,and oxygen as electron acceptors.Under anaerobic conditions,the maximum specific growth rate(μ_(max))of strain QD19-16 using perchlorate as an electron acceptor was 0.279 d^(−1),with a half-saturation constant(K_(s))of 0.294 mmol/L for perchlorate.[Conclusion]Brucella sp.QD19-16 is the first reported perchlorate-reducing bacterium of Brucella,expanding the distribution of perchlorate-reducing bacteria of Proteobacteria.Strain QD19-16 can be applied in assembling the microbial communities for perchlorate reduction in anaerobic bioreactors.

关 键 词：高氯酸盐 布鲁氏杆菌 代谢特性 电子受体 生物还原 

分 类 号：TQ1[化学工程]