莫来石晶须增强硅酸铝纤维复合材料的制备与性能研究  

Preparation and Properties of Mullite Whisker Reinforced Aluminum Silicate Fiber Composites

作　　者：马晓亮 汪桂根 张孟予 赵宝军 钟业盛[3] 史丽萍[3] 赫晓东[3] MA Xiaoliang;WANG Guigen;ZHANG Mengyu;ZHAO Baojun;ZHONG Yesheng;SHI Liping;HE Xiaodong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518055,China;China State Construction Hailong Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518110,China;National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composite in Special Environments,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)材料科学与工程学院,深圳518055 [2]中建海龙科技有限公司,深圳518110 [3]哈尔滨工业大学特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《硅酸盐通报》2025年第1期321-331,共11页Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3806104);特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室基金(6142905232102);中国建筑国际集团科技研发项目(CSCI-2021-Z-8);特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室科学基金(JZKJW20230074-02)。

摘　　要：本文开发了一种无毒、低耗能的在硅酸铝纤维表面原位生长莫来石晶须的制备工艺。首先,对莫来石晶须增强硅酸铝纤维复合材料的热物理性能和形貌进行表征,确定在硼砂助熔作用下莫来石晶须原位生长的最佳热处理温度。然后,在最佳热处理温度条件下,分别以硅溶胶和硝酸铝为硅源和铝源,硼砂为助熔剂,分析助熔剂浓度和保温时间对晶须形貌、物相组成、密度和抗压强度的影响。结果表明,在硼砂助熔作用下,成功在硅酸铝纤维表面原位生长“细长针状”的莫来石晶须。最佳工艺条件为:热处理温度900℃,保温时间2 h,助熔剂浓度0.17 mol/L,硅溶胶浓度0.17 mol/L,硝酸铝浓度0.51 mol/L。莫来石晶须增强硅酸铝纤维压缩形变最高可达60%,在60%压缩形变时,材料的抗压强度最高可达0.462 MPa。In this paper,a non-toxic and low-energy-consuming process for in-situ growth of mullite whiskers on the surface of aluminum silicate fiber was developed.Firstly,the thermophysical properties and morphology of mullite whisker reinforced aluminum silicate fiber composites were characterized,and the optimum heat treatment temperature for in-situ growth of mullite whiskers under borax fluxing was determined.Then,under the optimum heat treatment temperature,silica sol and aluminum nitrate were used as silicon source and aluminum source respectively,and borax was used as flux.The effects of flux concentration and holding time on whisker morphology,phase composition,density and compressive strength were analyzed.The results show that mullite whiskers with“thin needle shape”are successfully grown on the surface of aluminum silicate fiber under borax fluxing.The optimum conditions are as follows:heat treatment temperature 900℃,holding time 2 h,flux concentration 0.17 mol/L,silica sol concentration 0.17 mol/L,aluminum nitrate concentration 0.51 mol/L.The compressive deformation of mullite whisker reinforced aluminum silicate fiber can reach up to 60%,and the compression strength of this material can reach up to 0.462 MPa at 60% compression deformation.

关 键 词：莫来石晶须 硅酸铝纤维 助熔剂 原位增强 力学性能 热物理性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]