数字技术赋能精准救助:从何以可能到何以可为  

Empowering Targeted Assistance through Digital Technology:From Potential to Pathways for Implementation

作　　者：吴玉锋[1] Wu Yufeng(School of Public Management,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2025年第1期112-127,共16页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数字赋能对社区公共卫生‘平战结合’治理效能的影响研究”(22BSH151)。

摘　　要：精准救助的核心是合理配置有限的公共资源以满足困难群众的需求,数字技术赋能则是精准救助的实践选择和发展趋势。基于案例研究,本文分析了数字技术赋能精准救助的理论逻辑和实现路径。研究发现:精准救助是从对象精准识别、资源精准配置、服务精准供给到过程精准管理的全链条精准。数字技术实现了从分配控制到互动合作的对象识别赋能,从单一政府到多元参与的资源配置提升,从被动救助到价值共创的服务供给驱动,从分散碎片到整合协同的经办管理优化。数字技术赋能有效减少了精准救助过程中的防范成本、信息成本、协调成本和监管成本。数字赋能精准救助过程中依然存在诸多梗阻,对象识别局限于“单一识别与有限精准”的困境,资源配置面临“资源受限与效率低下”的挑战,服务供给受到“生产限制与造血不足”的约束,经办管理还存在“数据壁垒与技术依赖”的阻碍。建设全国信息平台、构建多维智能识别机制;整合社会救助资源、建设个性化救助“包”;促进就业服务创新、注重内在动力激发;推动业务数字化转型、加强流程数字化监管是数字技术赋能精准救助的关键路径。The core of targeted assistance lies in the eff ective allocation of limited public resources to meet the needs of vulnerable groups.Digital technology empowerment provides a practical approach and a developmental trend for achieving this goal.Drawing on case studies,this paper explores the theoretical foundations and implementation pathways for leveraging digital technology in targeted assistance.The study finds that targeted assistance forms a comprehensive process that includes accurate beneficiary identification,resource allocation,service provision,and process management.Digital technology plays a crucial role in transforming the system:it shifts beneficiary identification from distribution control to interactive collaboration,enhances resource allocation by moving from government-led initiatives to multi-stakeholder participation,transitions service provision from passive aid to value co-creation,and optimises management by integrating fragmented operations into a more coordinated approach.Digital technology significantly reduces costs across the targeted assistance process,including those associated with risk prevention,information management,coordination,and oversight.However,several practical challenges remain:beneficiary identification is limited by issues such as"single recognition and restricted accuracy";resource allocation faces problems related to"limited resources and inefficiency";service provision is constrained by"production limitations and insufficient self-sustaining capacity";and management continues to struggle with"data silos and technological dependency."To address these obstacles,the key pathways for digital empowerment in targeted assistance include:establishing a nationwide information platform and developing a multi-dimensional intelligent recognition system;integrating social assistance resources and creating personalized support packages;promoting innovation in employment services and focusing on intrinsic motivational drivers;and advancing the digital transformation of operations w

关 键 词：数字技术赋能 精准救助 数字治理 合作生产 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]