广东省“十三五”期间职业病发病形势和关键风险点  

Analysis of the epidemic status and key risk factors of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province during the“13th Five-Year Plan”period

作　　者：周珊宇[1] 黄瑞妍[1] 温贤忠[1] 李旭东[1] 王姝 黄永顺[1] 胡世杰[1] ZHOU Shanyu;HUANG Ruiyan;WEN Xianzhong;LI Xudong;WANG Shu;HUANG Yongshun;HU Shijie(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第5期517-522,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-09);广东省医学科研基金(A2024311);广州市科学技术局生物医药产业创新补助。

摘　　要：目的分析广东省“十三五”期间职业病发病形势,科学评估职业病防治控制关键风险点。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”中的《职业病报告卡》收集广东省2016—2020年网络报告的新发职业病病例基本信息,分析其发病形势和识别关键风险点。结果广东省“十三五”期间新发职业病病例4846例,较“十二五”期间(3483例)增长39.13%;新发职业病病例数的年度分布呈现先上升后下降的趋势;病例数居前5位的病种分别为职业性噪声聋、职业性矽肺、职业性慢性苯中毒、其他职业性尘肺病和职业性手臂振动病,分别占45.23%、16.28%、11.52%、7.92%和4.60%;珠江三角洲地区病例占92.76%;非珠江三角洲地区有5个地级市出现职业病“零报告”。在行业门类上,主要集中于制造业、建筑业和采矿业,分别占84.21%、5.49%和3.59%;在行业大类上,主要集中于金属制品业,非金属矿物制品业,文教、工美、体育和娱乐用品制造业,计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业,专用设备制造业,分别占11.70%、10.17%、8.60%、7.82%和4.81%。196家(占7.39%)企业曾出现年均新发职业病病例数≥3例。其中,19家(占0.72%)企业曾出现年均新发职业病病例数≥10例。结论广东省“十三五”期间新发职业病呈发病病种集中、地区集中和行业集中的“三集中”特点;需重点关注职业性噪声聋、职业性矽肺、职业性苯中毒、其他职业性尘肺病和职业性手臂振动病发病情况,并重点关注珠江三角洲地区、“零报告”地级市、制造业和职业病多发企业的职业病防治情况。Objective To analyze the epidemic status of newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Guangdong Province during the“13th Five-Year Plan”period,and scientifically evaluate the critical risk factors for occupational disease prevention and control.Methods The data of newly diagnosed occupational diseases reported by internet in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2020 was collected from Report Card of Occupational Diseases using Occupational Diseases and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System under China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Data was used to determine the epidemic status and identify key risk factors.Results A total of 4846 cases of occupational diseases were reported in Guangdong Province during the“13th Five-Year Plan”period,with an increase rate of 39.13%compared with the“12th FiveYear Plan”period(3483 cases).The annual distribution of newly diagnosed occupational disease cases showed a trend of increasing and then declining.The top five percentage on types of occupational diseases were occupational noise-induced deafness,occupational silicosis,occupational chronic benzene poisoning,other occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational hand-arm vibration disease,accounting for 45.23%,16.28%,11.52%,7.92%and 4.60%,respectively.Cases from the Pearl River Delta region accounted for 92.76%,while five non-Delta cities had“zero reported cases”.Regarding industry sector,cases were primarily concentrated in manufacturing,construction,and mining,accounting for 84.21%,5.49%and 3.59%,respectively.Regarding industry categories,cases were concentrated in metal products,non-metallic mineral products,manufacturing of cultur,education,art,sports and entertainment goods,manufacturing of computer,communication and other electric devices,and manufacturing of specialized equipment,accounting for 11.70%,10.17%,8.60%,7.82%,and 4.81%,respectively.A total of 196 enterprises(accounting for 7.39%)reported an average of three or more new cases per year,while 19 enterprises(accounting for 0.7

关 键 词：职业病 发病形势 风险分析 噪声聋 尘肺病 矽肺 手臂振动病 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]