汕头市2019—2022年职业病危害现状与管理对策  

Current status and management strategies of occupational disease hazards in Shantou City from 2019 to 2022

作　　者：林少芳 吴晓华 林潮鑫 梁少荣 陈建中 LIN Shaofang;WU Xiaohua;LIN Chaoxin;LIANG Shaorong;CHEN Jianzhong(Shantou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute,Shantou,Guangdong 515041,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头市职业病防治所,广东汕头515041

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第5期570-574,共5页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析2019—2022年汕头市职业病危害情况,提出针对性的管理对策。方法 收集2019—2022年汕头市各项职业病专项工作技术报告资料,对资料数据进行综合分析。结果 2020年汕头市职业病危害现状调查的3 066家企业中,存在职业病危害因素的企业有2 982家,占97.3%;其中,小微型企业2 955家,占99.1%(2 955/2 982);调查企业劳动者职业病危害因素接触率为58.7%(42 894/73 054),其中粉尘和噪声的接触率分别为59.7%和77.8%。用人单位职业病危害项目申报率、工作场所职业病危害因素定期检测率、劳动者职业健康检查率、主要负责人与职业卫生管理人员职业健康培训率分别为8.4%、1.4%、2.4%和4.3%。2019—2022年重点行业工作场所职业病危害因素监测中,超标率最高的是噪声,其次为矽尘,工作场所超标率分别为34.2%和13.8%,岗位超标率分别为32.2%和10.0%。2019—2022年重点职业病监测中,共检出疑似职业病31例;其中,疑似职业性尘肺病27例,疑似职业性噪声聋4例。结论 汕头市接触职业病危害因素劳动者较多,用人单位职业卫生管理水平低下,危害较重的职业病危害因素为矽尘和噪声。应完善职业病防治技术支撑和服务体系建设,持续加强重点行业和岗位的监督管理,探索小微型企业职业健康帮扶机制,落实用人单位的职业病防治主体责任,切实保障劳动者职业健康与安全。Objective To analyze the status of occupational disease hazards in Shantou City for 2019 to 2022 and propose corresponding management measures.Methods Technical reports on various occupational-disease-specific activities in Shantou City from 2019 to 2022 were collected and the data were comprehensively analyzed.Results Among the 3066 enterprises surveyed in the 2020 occupational disease hazard investigation in Shantou City,occupational hazards were reported in 2982 enterprises(accounting for 97.3%),with 2955 being small and micro enterprises,accounted for 99.1%(2955/2982).The exposure rate of occupational hazards was 58.7%(42894/73054)among workers in the surveyed enterprises,with dust and noise exposure rates of 59.7%and 77.8%,respectively.The reported rate of occupational disease hazard projects by employers,regular detection rate of workplace occupational hazards,detection rate of occupational medical examination among workers,and occupational health training rate of key responsible personnel and occupational health management staff were 8.4%,1.4%,2.4%,and 4.3%,respectively.The results of occupational hazards monitoring of workplace in key industries from 2019 to 2022 showed that noise had the highest rate of exceeding national standards workplace,followed by silica dust,accounting for 34.2%and 13.8%,with the on-site exceedance rate of 32.2%and 10.0%,respectively.From 2019 to 2022,31 suspected occupational disease cases were identified in key occupational disease monitoring,including 27 suspected cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and four suspected cases of occupational noise-induced deafness.Conclusion The workers in Shantou City have a high exposure rate to occupational hazards,and the occupational health management level of employers remains low,with noise and silica dust being the most severe occupational hazards.It is essential to improve technical support and service system development for occupational disease prevention and treatment,strengthen supervision and management in key industries and positio

关 键 词：职业病危害 噪声 矽尘 尘肺病 噪声聋 防治 现况调查 对策 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]