血液中生物毒素快速检测方法研究进展  

Advances in rapid detection methods of biotoxins in blood

作　　者：张文杰 秦亦如 谢佐菲 马安萍 丘静静 林佐侃[2] 何嘉恒[2] 杨展鸿 戎伟丰[2] 吴邦华[2] ZHANG Wenjie;QIN Yiru;XIE Zuofei;MA Anping;QIU Jingjing;LIN Zuokan;HE Jiaheng;YANG Zhanhong;RONG Weifeng;WU Banghua(School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080 [2]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300 [3]广州医科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州511436

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第5期575-580,585,共7页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2023048);广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J2471);广东省职业病防治院青年拔尖人才科研经费(Z2024-04)。

摘　　要：生物毒素在生活环境和工作场所中广泛存在;其涵盖细菌、真菌、海洋、植物和动物毒素,可对人类健康构成潜在威胁。因此,快速检测血液中的生物毒素对其健康危害的预防和诊断治疗至关重要。生物传感器和免疫分析技术在血液中生物毒素的快速检测中具有显著优势。常用的生物传感器包括表面等离子共振生物电传感器和荧光生物传感器,其可通过信号放大提高检测方法的灵敏度、降低检出限。常用的免疫分析法,如胶体金免疫层析、荧光免疫层析和化学发光免疫分析,可通过抗体-抗原特异性结合和纳米技术等优化检测效果并提升灵敏度。目前,血液中生物毒素快速检测技术存在基质干扰和特异性不足等缺陷,且未能满足多种毒素同时高通量分析的需求;未来可通过改进样本前处理,创新信号放大,增强识别元件的特异性,开发便携检测设备与多种毒素高通量检测平台等,以提高检测方法的灵敏度与可靠性,为血液中生物毒素检测提供更加可靠和便捷的解决方案。Biotoxins,which include bacterial,fungal,marine,plant,and animal toxins,are widespread in living and occupational environments,posing potential threats to human health.Rapid detection of biotoxins in blood is crucial for preventing health hazards and enabling timely disease diagnosis and treatment.Biosensors and immunoassay technologies have critical advantages in the rapid detection of biotoxins in blood.Common biosensors,such as surface plasmon resonance biosensors and fluorescent biosensors,enhance sensitivity and reduce detection limits through signal amplification.Common immunoassay methods,such as colloidal gold immunochromatography,fluorescence immunochromatography,and chemiluminescence immunoassay,improve detection efficacy and sensitivity through specific antibody-antigen binding and nanotechnology.However,current rapid detection technologies of bitoxins in blood face challenges such as matrix interference and insufficient specificity,and they fall short in high-throughput detection of multiple toxins simultaneously.Future developments should focus on improving sample pretreatment,innovating signal amplification methods,enhancing specificity on recognition of elements,and designing portable detection devices and high-throughput platforms for simultaneous toxin analysis.These advancements aim to improve the sensitivity and reliability of detection methods,providing more accurate and convenient solutions for biotoxin detection in blood.

关 键 词：生物毒素 快速检测 检测方法 血液 生物传感器 免疫分析法 研究进展 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]