长期护理保险对养老模式的影响——基于经济独立和居住独立的双重视角  

Long-term Care Insurance and Elderly Care Patterns:Financial Independence and Residential Independence

作　　者：刘子宁 周桦 吕有吉 LIU Zining;ZHOU Hua;LYU Youji(China Institute for Actuarial Science/School of Insurance,Central University of Finance and Economics;School of Finance,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学中国精算研究院/保险学院,北京100081 [2]南开大学金融学院,天津300350

出　　处：《金融研究》2024年第8期188-206,共19页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：国家青年自然科学基金(72104262、72204126);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金(22JJD790092)的资助。

摘　　要：本文从经济独立和居住独立两个角度考察长期护理保险(长护险)对失能老人养老模式的影响,发现长护险可以显著增强失能老人的经济独立,但并不会显著影响失能老人的居住独立,即经济独立不一定伴随着居住独立。此外,本文发现长护险对失能老人养老模式的影响存在异质性:“宽口径”长护险能够更显著地降低失能老人经济上依赖子女养老的概率,现金给付型长护险不仅可以降低失能老人的经济依赖,还会显著提高失能老人与子女共同居住的概率;长护险可以更显著增强女性、认知能力受损、子女数量较少的失能老人的经济独立,同时对男性和低收入失能老人的居住独立有更为显著的正向作用。最后,本文发现,长护险减少了子女对老人的净转移支付和线下联系频率,减弱了老人从子女获得的代际支持。For a long time,family support and"raising children for old-age support"have been the mainstream model of old-age care in China.However,ageing,sub-replacement fertility and the increasing size of the disabled senior population have posed a great challenge to traditional family support.Therefore,establishing a society with"a sense of security and joy in old age"for the senior population has become one of the major issues in society.To further improve the multi-level social security system for the senior population,provide basic security for the disabled senior population,and reduce the economic and care burden,China has gradually launched the long-term care insurance(LTCI)pilot program in various cities since 2016.Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2011-2020,this research examines the impact of LTCI on the elderly care patterns of the disabled senior population from the perspectives of financial independence and residential independence through the difference-in-differences method.The empirical results show that LTCI can significantly enhance the financial independence of the disabled senior population while LTCI has no significant effect on their residential independence.Specifically,if LTCI covers the disabled senior population,the probability of being financially dependent on their children decreases by 22.92 percentage points,while the probability of living with their children does not decrease.Second,this research also finds that there are heterogeneous effects of LTCI on elderly care patterns:generous LTCI(covering both the moderate and severely disabled)can significantly reduce the probability of being financially dependent on their children more than normal LTCI(covering only the severely disabled senior population);LTCI with in-cash benefits can significantly increase the probability living with their children.In addition,LTCI significantly increases the financial independence of disabled elderly who are female,cognitively impaired and have fewer children,while LT

关 键 词：长期护理保险 养老模式 经济独立 家庭养老 双重差分法 

分 类 号：D66[政治法律—政治学]