美国平台公司反垄断规制体系转型及其影响  

The Transformation of the U.S.Antitrust Regulatory System for Platform Companies and Its Impact

作　　者：戴长征[1] 况宇 DAI Changzheng;KUANG Yu(School of International Relations/Institute for National Security and Governance,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing,100029)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院/国家安全与治理研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《国际商务(对外经济贸易大学学报)》2025年第1期1-15,共15页INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项学术团队项目(22VMC041);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“国际秩序大变革背景下的中国东北亚政治安全战略研究”(22JD810034);北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心项目“数字环境下的意识形态风险及其防范策略研究”(22LLZZA025)。

摘　　要：美国是世界上平台公司市值最高的国家,平台公司在关键领域利用垄断地位对美国经济造成了负面影响。作为世界上拥有反垄断规制历史最长的国家美国,近些年对平台公司频繁规制但未取得良好成效。为何美国无法对平台公司进行有效规制?本文从美国国家内部规制体系转型的视角对此进行解释。美国三权分立体制的设置目的在于保持政治权力的制约与平衡,但当三权立场和利益不可协调时,政策的不连续和联邦权力的内耗就成为必然。具体到美国联邦规制体系而言,表现在联邦贸易委员会面临国会反对、司法部反垄断局结构改革导致权力偏移、法院系统挚肘行政部门等三个方面。这意味着正常的反垄断规制进程被打破,平台公司可以借机利用逐渐放松的规制环境,不断拓展自己的商业利益。美国反垄断规制的失败教训值得反思。当前,中国正在构建高水平市场经济体制,数字化平台公司作为新质生产力的重要形式必将得到很大发展,但如何在促进其发展的同时,对其进行合理有效的规制,需要认真探讨。The United States is the country with the highest market capitalization of platform companies globally.These plaform companies hold monopolistic positions in key sectors and have caused negative impacts.Despite having the longest history of antitrust regulation in the world,the U.S.has frequently attempted to regulate plaform companies in recent years with little success.Why has the U.S.been unable to effectively regulate platform companies?This can be explained through the lens of the transformation of the U.S.regulatory system.The purpose of the U.S.system of separation of powers is to maintain checks and balances on political power,but when the positions and interests of the three branches cannot be reconciled,policy discontinuities and the internal friction of federal power become inevitable.Specifically,in the case of the U.S.federal regulatory system,this is reflected in three aspects:the Federal Trade Commission(FTC)facing opposition from Congress,the restructuring of the Department of Justice's Antitrust Division leading to a shift in power,and the judiciary restraining the executive branch.This means that the normal antitrust regulatory process is disrupted,allowing platform companies to take advantage of the increasingly relaxed regulatory environment to continuously expand their commercial interests.The practices and failures of U.S.antitrust regulation offer valuable lessons.Currently,China is constructing a high-level market economy,and digital platform companies,as an important form of new productive forces,are bound to see significant development.However,how to promote their growth while also regulating them reasonably and effectively is a topic that requires careful consideration.

关 键 词：平台公司 规制体系 反垄断 规制失效 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]