谁的对外直接投资更绿色——中美跨国公司海外生产碳足迹的测度与比较  

Whose OFDI is GreenerMeasuring and Comparing the Carbon Footprints of Multinationals Originated from China and the U.S.

作　　者：闫云凤[1] 李雪梦 潘安[2] 李禧源 YAN Yunfeng;LI Xuemeng;PAN An;LI Xiyuan(School of Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing,100070;School of Economics,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei,430073;Research Institute for Global Value Chains,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing,100029)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,北京100070 [2]中南财经政法大学经济学院,湖北武汉430073 [3]对外经济贸易大学全球价值链研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《国际商务(对外经济贸易大学学报)》2025年第1期120-136,共17页INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“全球价值链与中国产业升级研究”(71733002);国家社会科学基金一般项目“全球价值链重构对绿色‘一带一路’建设的影响及对策研究”(22BGJ049)。

摘　　要：针对中国对外直接投资(OFDI)活动引发的环境威胁论,本文在全球价值链的框架下,构建区别企业异质性的全球投入产出模型,测度和比较中美两国跨国公司海外生产碳足迹。研究结果表明:相较于美国,中国OFDI活动凸显“绿色”特征,其OFDI活动的碳足迹低于美国,且集中在服务业,而美国OFDI活动的碳足迹集中在制造业;两国OFDI碳足迹的分布和区域价值链分工密切相关;全球价值链后向追溯视角下,中国OFDI活动存在“母国碳增排效应”,而美国存在“污染天堂效应”。具体到中美双边投资,中美两国间OFDI活动的碳足迹差额不断缩小,美国在中国OFDI活动的碳足迹集中在制造业,且由中国企业生产。为此,中国应坚持绿色投资发展战略,推动绿色生产技术国际合作,重视全产业链碳排放管理。To address the environmental threat argument about Chinese OFDI,this paper measured and compared the carbon footprints of multinational enterprises(MNEs)of China and the United States(U.S.)based on a global input-output model reflecting firm heterogeneity.The results indicate that:Chinese MNEs have"green characteristics"in their OFDI activities,as they have less carbon footprints than U.S.MNEs.Chinese MNEs'carbon footprints are concentrated on services while U.S.MNE'carbon footprints are mainly in manufacturing.The distribution of MNEs'OFDI carbon footprints is related to the regional value chain division.Under the GVC backward perspective,the"home country emission increasing effect"exists in Chinese MNEs'OFDI activities.In contrast,the"pollution heaven effect"exists in U.S.MNEs'OFDI activities.The difference in the carbon footprints of the two countries'MNEs has been narrowing.The carbon footprints,induced by U.S.MNEs'OFDI activities in China,are concentrated on manufacturing and mainly generated by Chinese domestic enterprises.The study suggests that Chinese MNEs stick to the strategy of green investment;promote international cooperation on green production technologies;and pay attention to carbon emissions management in the whole supply chain.

关 键 词：对外直接投资 全球价值链 全球投入产出模型 跨国公司 碳足迹 

分 类 号：F744[经济管理—国际贸易]