水基钻井液封堵理论和材料研究现状及发展趋势  

Research status and development trend of plugging theory and materials of water-based drilling fluid

作　　者：黄宁 孙金声 刘敬平 吕开河[1] 王宗轮 邓雪菲 HUANG Ning;SUN Jinsheng;LIU Jingping;LYU Kaihe;WANG Zonglun;DENG Xuefei(College of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,Shandong,China;CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司,北京102200

出　　处：《化工进展》2025年第1期367-378,共12页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金(52322401);国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(52288101);自主创新科研计划项目(理工科)-领军人才培育基金(23CX07002A)。

摘　　要：地层孔隙、微裂缝、裂缝发育会导致井壁坍塌频发,严重阻碍了安全、高效地钻井。封堵理论的成熟性是研发高性能封堵剂的重要保证。通过封堵剂高效封堵孔隙、微裂缝及裂缝,是稳定井壁的关键。本文综述了不同封堵理论(刚性封堵理论、柔性封堵理论、成膜封堵理论)以及各类封堵材料(沥青类、聚合醇类、硅酸盐类、纳米材料类)研究现状,指出了现有封堵理论和封堵材料所存在的不足,总结了目前封堵理论及封堵材料研发面临的难点,并提出应通过数值模拟等方法深入研究储层孔喉尺寸分布规律以及储层形貌结构,且应试图从树枝状聚合物、刚性外壳与柔性内核复合材料、生物质基纳米材料改性沥青、纳米材料分散稳定性等方面开展研发高效封堵材料。The development of formation pores,micro-fractures and fractures leads to frequent collapse of the wellbore,which seriously hinders safe and efficient drilling.The maturity of the plugging theory is an important guarantee for the development of high-performance plugging agents.Efficient plugging of pores,micro-cracks and fractures through plugging agents is the key to stabilizing the borehole.In this paper,the research status of different plugging theories(rigid plugging theory,flexible plugging theory,film-forming plugging theory)and various plugging materials(asphalt,polymeric alcohols,silicates,nanomaterials)was reviewed.The shortcomings of the existing plugging theories and plugging materials were pointed out.The current plugging theories and the difficulties faced by the research and development of plugging materials were summarized.It was proposed that the size distribution law of reservoir pore throat and reservoir morphology and structure should be studied in depth through the numerical simulations.The development trend of high-efficiency plugging materials was carried out in the aspects of dendritic polymers,rigid shell and flexible core composites,biomass-based nanomaterials modified asphalt,and nanomaterial dispersion stability.

关 键 词：水基钻井液 封堵理论 封堵材料 

分 类 号：TE254[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]