磁性纳米破乳剂的制备及其稠油乳状液破乳性能  

Preparation of magnetic nano-demulsifier and its demulsification performance on heavy oil emulsion

作　　者：吴迪 彭明国[1,2] 谷宇 毛林强 张文艺[1,2] WU Di;PENG Mingguo;GU Yu;MAO Linqiang;ZHANG Wenyi(School of Environmental Science&Engineering,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,Jiangsu,China;CNPC-CZU Innovation Alliance,Changzhou 213164,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏常州213164 [2]中国石油-常州大学创新联合体,江苏常州213164

出　　处：《化工进展》2025年第1期436-444,共9页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2020761);中国石油-常州大学创新联合体资助项目(2021DQ06)。

摘　　要：稠油开采需要高温、高压条件,采出液为水包油型乳状液。传统破乳剂难以对这种乳状液进行高效破乳。针对水包油型稠油乳状液破乳难题,本研究采用化学共沉淀法制备CuFe2O4磁性纳米材料,并与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)复合制备一种新型、可重复使用的磁性纳米稠油破乳剂(WD-03),探讨了该新型稠油磁性纳米破乳剂的破乳性能。结果表明:WD-03对水的浸润接触角近乎0°,呈高度亲水性;当WD-03投加量达2g/L,破乳反应时间30min左右时破乳剂效果能达到最优效果,pH、温度(20~80℃)对破乳影响较小。对于含水率为90%~98%、含油量大于2000mg/L的新疆克拉玛依油田稠油乳状液,经过WD-03破乳处理后,上层稠油含水率小于5%、下层含油废水中的石油烃含量小于5mg/L;磁性纳米破乳剂回收并重复使用3次后,上层稠油含水率小于10%、下层含油废水小于50mg/L;回收并重复利用5次后其对水包油型稠油乳状液的破乳率仍然能够达到95%,表明WD-03有稳定的磁性和可回收重复利用特性。基于扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等现代分析手段表征,推测WD-03对水包油型稠油乳状液的破乳机制为:高度亲水性的WD-03利用碳纳米管材料MWCNT表面形成的大π键体系与石油中的沥青与胶质的π键结合作用反应,促进了油滴的聚合和与水的分离;由于WD-03具有磁性材料特性,使得其在外加磁场条件下与水极易分离,从而表现出极高回收效率;同时,WD-03还有较强的吸附性,能吸附微小乳状油粒并聚集成为大油滴。Inspissated oil is usually exploited under high temperature and high pressure condition,and the resulted effluent emulsion is considered as an oil-in-water type,which is hard to be demulsified using traditional demulsifiers.In this study,CuFe2O4 magnetic nano-demulsifier prepared by chemical coprecipitation method were combined with multi-wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)to prepare a new type of reusable magnetic nano-heavy oil demulsifier(WD-03),whose properties were furthermore studied.The demulsification test showed that WD-03 exhibited a nearly 0°contact angle with water,demonstrating high hydrophilicity.The demulsification could reach the optimal effect with the dosage of WD-03 of 2g/L and the reaction time for 30 minutes.The influence of pH and temperature(20-80℃)on demulsification was not remarkable.For the emulsion with the oil content of 2000mg/L and the moisture content of 90%-98%produced in Xinjiang Karamay Oilfield,the moisture content in the upper inspissated oil decreased to less than 5%and the petroleum hydrocarbons in the lower oily wastewater were less than 5mg/L after WD-03 demulsification treatment for inspissated oil.The moisture content of the upper heavy oil was less than 10%and the oily wastewater in the lower layer was less than 50mg/L after the magnetic nano demulsifier being reused for 3 times.The demulsification rate for oil-in-water inspissated oil emulsion could still reach 95%after 5 times recycling and reusing,indicating that WD-03 can be recycled and reused.WD-03 was characterized by modern analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy,etc.The demulsification mechanism of WD-03 for oil-in-water heavy oil emulsions was speculated.The highly hydrophilic WD-03 tended to react with the asphalt and resinπ-bonds in oil due to the extensiveπ-bond system formed on the surface of carbon nanotube material MWCNT.The polymerization of oil droplets and the separation from water was promoted.It was easily separated from water under the condition

关 键 词：纳米材料 反应 回收 碳纳米管 铁酸铜 磁性破乳剂 

分 类 号：TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] X7[环境科学与工程—环境工程]