接种流感疫苗对中小学生缺课预防效果实证研究  

An empirical study on the effect of influenza vaccination on the prevention of school absence among primary and secondary school students

作　　者：李武 刘兰兰 谭惠玲 蒋亚文 陈婉宜 庄春燕[1] 谢媛娜[1] 谢旭[4] 李刚[1] LI Wu;LIU Lanlan;TAN Huiling;JIANG Yawen;CHEN Wanyi;ZHUANG Chunyan;XIE Yuanna;XIE Xu;LI Gang(Department of Immunization Programme Management,Shenzhen Longgang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen(518172),Guangdong Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划管理科,518172 [2]国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心/深圳市第三人民医院(南方科技大学第二附属医院)临床研究项目管理办公室 [3]中山大学公共卫生学院(深圳) [4]深圳市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第12期1775-1779,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：深圳市龙岗区科技创新专项资金医疗卫生技术攻关项目(LGKCYLWS2023033)。

摘　　要：目的评估实施流感疫苗免费接种政策对中小学生缺课的预防效果,为制定和调整接种策略提供参考。方法根据深圳市龙岗区6~18岁中小学生在2023年11月是否接种流感疫苗分为接种组(265996名)和未接种组(122513名),采用倾向性评分匹配对两组进行1∶1匹配以平衡协变量,以学生每月缺课次数为因变量构建双重差分模型,采用Poisson回归对总体和多时点效果进行分析。结果接种流感疫苗可降低中小学生缺课的发生风险,对缺课的总体预防效果为26.52%(95%CI=23.47%~29.45%);2023年11(接种当月)和12月、2024年1月和3月的预防效果分别为42.12%,40.12%,30.33%,20.91%。接种流感疫苗对小学生的缺课预防效果(26.39%)与对中学生的缺课预防效果(27.97%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);班级接种率的回归系数介于0.998~0.999(P值均<0.01),即流感疫苗接种率每提高10%可降低1.5%~2.2%的缺课率。结论开展中小学生免费流感疫苗接种可降低缺课的发生风险,具有良好社会经济学效益。Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of implementing the free influenza vaccination policy on school absence among primary and secondary school students,so as to provide a reference for formulating and adjusting vaccination strategies.Methods Among primary and secondary school students aged 6 to 18 in Longgang District,Shenzhen,they were divided into a vaccinated group(265996 students)and an unvaccinated group(122513 students)according to their influenza vaccination history during November 2023.Propensity score matching was used to conduct a 1∶1 match between the two groups to balance covariates.The number of absences per month was set as the dependent variable to construct a difference-in-differences model,and Poisson regression was employed to analyze the overall and multi-time-point effects.Results Vaccination against influenza was associated with low rate of absenteeism among primary and secondary school students,with an overall preventive effect of 26.52%(95%CI=23.47%-29.45%).The preventive effects in November(the month of vaccination)and December 2023,January and March 2024 were 42.12%,40.12%,30.33% and 20.91%,respectively.The preventive effect of the influenza vaccine on absenteeism among primary school students(26.39%)was not significantly different from that among secondary school students(27.97%)(P>0.05).The regression coefficient for class vaccination rates ranged from 0.998 to 0.999(P<0.01),indicating that for every 10%increase in influenza vaccination rates,absenteeism could be reduced by 1.5%to 2.2%.Conclusion Implementing free influenza vaccination for primary and secondary school students might help to reduce the risk of absenteeism,yielding significant socioeconomic benefits.

关 键 词：流感疫苗 接种 缺勤 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R186[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R373.13R181.32