数据生产要素价值统计核算理论研究与实践--以2021年深圳市南山区试点为例  

Theories and Practices of Measuring the Value of Data Production Factor in National Accounts:The 2021 Pilot Survey in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City

作　　者：郭驰 蔡天成 Guo Chi;Cai Tiancheng

机构地区：[1]深圳市统计局 [2]深圳国资国企改革创新研究院

出　　处：《统计研究》2024年第12期15-27,共13页Statistical Research

摘　　要：为适应经济社会数字化的快速发展,在国民账户体系中更好地反映数据生产要素(以下简称数据要素)的价值,成为国内外学界和业界的重要共识。相关的理论探讨成为近年来的研究热点,已有通过劳动统计数据等间接推算数据价值的尝试,但目前仍缺乏基于直接的统计调查资料对数据要素价值的测算。2021年深圳市南山区数据生产要素统计核算试点是首次针对数据要素价值开展的大规模统计调查实践,填补了这项研究空白。依托南山区试点工作,本研究构建了“数据要素支出–数据要素固定资本形成–对地区生产总值影响”三层次测算方法,并以数据存储支出是否资产化为主要区分形成了“积极方案”和“谨慎方案”两套测算方案。测算结果显示,2020年南山区市场生产者的数据要素支出达355.60亿元,在两个方案不同视角下,符合资产化条件的相关支出为146.59亿元至336.01亿元。若将相关支出资产化处理,估计可带来相当于同期南山区地区生产总值的1.39%至3.41%的增量。本研究以南山区为例,反映了数据要素支出相对于地区生产总值的规模,并揭示了数据要素支出向重点行业集中、向头部企业集中的分布特征,可为继续完善数据要素的统计调查方法和价值测算方法提供参考。It is acknowledged by official statistics and researchers worldwide that the National Accounts should record the value of data in a more appropriate way so as to keep pace with the rapid development of digitalization of the economy and the society.It has become a research hotspot recently and there have been studies trying to calculate the value of data based on labor statistics.However,a measurement of the value of data factor based on robust and direct statistics is still lacking.This study aims to fill this research gap based on the 2021 pilot survey on the data production factor in Nanshan District,Shenzhen City,which is the first large-scale direct statistical survey of the data production factor.Based on this survey,this paper creates a measurement method composed of three levels,which are“expenses of the data production factor-fixed capital generated by the data production factor-the effect on GDP”.It also forms two sets of calculation schemes which are less-constrained and prudent respectively,depending on whether the cost of data storage is incorporated into the value of the formation of fixed capital.The results show that the data production factor expenditures of market producers in Nanshan District in 2020 reached 35.560 billion yuan.From the perspective of two sets of calculation schemes,expenditures that meet the capitalization requirements ranged between 14.659 billion yuan and 33.601 billion yuan.If those expenditures are capitalized,it could lead to an increase in the value added,which is equivalent to 1.39%to 3.41%of the GDP of Nanshan District in the same period of time.As thus,this study,taking Nanshan District as an example,reveals the scale of expenditures on the data production factor in general relative to GDP and its pattern of distribution,which shows a strong tendency to concentrate on major industries and leading corporations.This contributes to a reliable reference for the further improvement of the methods of surveying and measuring the value of data production factor.

关 键 词：数据生产要素 国民经济核算 数据要素支出 固定资本形成 

分 类 号：F221[经济管理—国民经济]