大气溶解有机碳湿沉降及其在海洋碳中和中的作用  

Wet deposition of atmospheric dissolved organic carbon and its role in marine carbon neutralization

作　　者：邢建伟 宋金明[1,2,3,4] XING Jian-wei;SONG Jin-ming(CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266000,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266000 [2]青岛海洋科技中心,海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第2期606-618,共13页China Environmental Science

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2024MD052);青岛市自然科学基金资助项目(24-4-4-zrjj-176-jch);中国科学院海洋研究所“汇泉青年学者”人才项目。

摘　　要：本文系统总结了近几十年来国内外关于大气降水DOC的研究进展,主要包括以下3个方面:大气降水DOC的丰度与生物可利用性、降水DOC浓度和湿沉降通量的时空分布特征及其影响因素、DOC湿沉降的生态环境效应,并展望未来的发展方向.结果表明,降水DOC的化学组分异常复杂,以低分子量有机酸、氨基酸、尿素等为主,具有较高的生物可利用性;不同地区降水DOC的浓度和湿沉降通量具有显著的时空差异,主要受控于排放源、排放强度以及复杂的气象条件;大气中的DOC可影响气溶胶和降水的性质(酸雨),沉降至冰雪表面的DOC会加速冰川融化;同时,湿沉降带来的DOC输入可加富表层海水的有机碳水平,其中的活性DOC可促进海洋生态系统次级生产力的提高,而惰性成分则可贡献海洋惰性溶解有机碳库,有利于碳封存并增强海洋碳汇,助力“海洋负排放”和“碳中和”目标的实现.未来的研究应持续注重开发利用先进仪器设备开展降水DOC化学成分的精准量化识别,以更深刻地认识降水DOC的生物可利用性及惰性特征;同时,开发利用新型数值模拟技术以深入开展全球尺度不同性质降水DOC湿沉降通量及其时空异质性研究,并量化大气DOC的间接湿沉降通量,在此基础上重点阐明大气DOC湿沉降作为新型路径之一对提高全球海洋碳封存的潜力,以期深入认识大气沉降在全球碳循环和海洋“碳失汇”研究中的作用和地位.As a kind of complex polar organic compounds commonly existing in the atmosphere,dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in precipitation has extensive and far-reaching influences on regional ambient air quality,global climate change and carbon cycle process,and has become one of the hot spots in current global change research.This article systematically summarized the research progress on atmospheric precipitation DOC in recent decades both domestically and internationally from three aspects:the abundance and bioavailability of DOC in atmospheric precipitation,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of DOC concentration and wet deposition flux in precipitation,and the ecological and environmental effects of DOC wet deposition.In the end of the article,the future development direction was discussed.The results indicated that the chemical composition of precipitation DOC is exceptionally complex,mainly composed of low molecular weight organic acids,amino acids and urea,etc.with high bioavailability.There were significant spatiotemporal differences in precipitation DOC concentration and wet deposition flux among different areas,which were mainly controlled by emission sources,emission intensity,and complex weather conditions.The DOC in the atmosphere could affect the properties of aerosols and precipitation(acid rain),and DOC settling on the surface of snow and ice could accelerate the melting of glaciers.At the same time,the input of DOC brought by wet deposition can enrich the organic carbon levels on the surface of seawater.Active DOC can promote the improvement of secondary productivity in marine ecosystem,while refractory DOC could contribute to the refractory dissolved organic carbon pool in the ocean,which is conducive to carbon sequestration and enhances ocean carbon sinks,helping to achieve the goals of"Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions"and"Carbon Neutrality".Future research should continue to focus on developing and using advanced instruments and equipment to accurately identify a

关 键 词：溶解有机碳(DOC) 湿沉降 生物可利用性 海洋惰性溶解有机碳库 “双碳”目标 

分 类 号：X517[环境科学与工程—环境工程]