制药污水处理厂污泥中抗生素的污染特征及风险评估:生产负荷的影响  

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of antibiotics in sludge from pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants:the influence of production load

作　　者：彭薪屹 李玉花 杨晓 汝旋 陈瑞红 秦永丽[1] 黄馨慧 许丹宁 舒小华[2] 张倩[1] PENG Xin-yi;LI Yu-hua;YANG Xiao;RU Xuan;CHEN Rui-hong;QIN Yong-li;HUANG Xin-hui;XU Dan-ning;SHU Xiao-hua;ZHANG Qian(School of Life and Environmental Science,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541004,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林电子科技大学生命与环境科学学院,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第2期736-747,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金资助重点项目(U21A20179)。

摘　　要：制药污水处理厂污泥是抗生素的主要储存库.研究考察了高、低生产负荷影响下不同污水处理工艺段污泥中抗生素的残留特征,并利用风险熵值(RQ)法评估了物化和生化污泥潜在的生态风险.结果表明,高、低生产负荷下污泥中检测出的11种抗生素种类相似,总检出浓度分别为401.72μg/g和55.02μg/g,不同抗生素浓度差异显著.生产负荷对废水处理工艺有一定的冲击力.主成分分析(PCA)结果显示高生产负荷下,不同工艺段的抗生素和水质参数之间的差异比低生产负荷下的差异更显著.冗余分析(RDA)结果显示不同的废水水质参数对抗生素的去除存在较大影响.制药过程中产生的抗生素在物化和生化脱水污泥中残留量依旧较高.低生产负荷物化和高生产负荷生化脱水污泥中抗生素残留量仍分别高达9.39μg/g和12.91μg/g.污泥改良土中红霉素、罗红霉素和磺胺氯哒嗪对接收环境的水生生物构成高风险(RQ>10).其中,磺胺二甲氧嘧啶的环境风险最高(RQ>295.04).制药厂大环内酯类和磺胺类抗生素是主要的风险因子,建议标记为优先控制污染物.混合抗生素的生态风险远高于单一抗生素.因此,不管是物化污泥还是生化污泥,都需要谨慎考虑污泥的最终出路.Sludge from pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants serves as a major reservoir for antibiotics.This study aimed to investigate the residual characteristics of antibiotics in sludge from different stages of wastewater treatment under varying production loads,and to assess the potential ecological risks of physicochemical and biochemical dewatered sludge using the Risk Entropy(RQ)method.The results indicated that 11 types of antibiotics were detected in the sludge under both high and low production loads,with total detected concentrations of 401.72μg/kg and 55.02μg/kg,respectively,showing significant differences in concentrations among different antibiotics.The production load had a notable impact on the wastewater treatment process.Principal component analysis(PCA)delineated robust disparities in antibiotic concentrations and water quality parameters among various treatment stages,with these differences being more pronounced under high production loads than under low production loads.Furthermore,redundancy analysis(RDA)underscored the substantial influence of distinct wastewater quality parameters on the removal efficacy of antibiotics.Residual levels of antibiotics from pharmaceutical processes remained relatively high in both physicochemical and biochemical dewatered sludge,with elevated concentrations of 9.39μg/g in low production load physicochemical sludge and 12.91μg/g in high production load biochemically dewatered sludge.Erythromycin,roxithromycin,and sulfamethoxazole in sludge-amended soil posed a high risk(RQ>10)to aquatic organisms in the receiving environment,with sulfadimethoxine exhibiting the most pronounced environmental risk(RQ>295.04).Macrolides and sulfonamide were identified as the primary risk factors in pharmaceutical plants,and it is recommended that these be prioritized for pollution control.The ecological risk posed by mixed antibiotics was significantly higher than that of individual antibiotics.Therefore,careful consideration of the final disposal of both physicochemical and bioc

关 键 词：制药厂 污泥 生产负荷 工艺 抗生素 生态风险 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]