功能菌剂偶联有机肥强化秸秆还田  

Strengthening straw returning by coupling functional microbial agents with organic fertilizers

作　　者：李明星[1,2] 江慧 李锐定 陶逸倩 李星 邱忠平[1] Ming-xing;JIANG Hui;LI Rui-ding;TAO Yi-qian;LI Xing;QIU Zhong-ping(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学材料科学与工程学院,四川成都610031 [3]四川省环境科学研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第2期870-881,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978576);四川省重点研发项目(2023YFSY0011,2023ZHCG0058);中国烟草总公司四川省烟草公司科技项目(SCYC202109,SCYC202409)。

摘　　要：设置添加秸秆降解菌剂(MC)、有机肥(OF)、菌肥联用(MC+OF)和空白对照(CK) 4个处理,进行了为期120d的还田实验,分析不同处理对还田秸秆降解速度、土壤理化性质及土壤微生态的影响.结果表明,MC+OF处理的秸秆降解和腐殖化效果最佳.还田120d时,MC+OF组半纤维、纤维素、木质素降解率和秸秆失重率分别较其他处理高2.87%~11.78%、3.20%~10.59%、6.00%~32.97%和9.49%~26.77%(P<0.05),腐殖质含量最高,达70.39g/kg;土壤总有机碳和溶解性有机碳分别较初始增加33.39%和62.00%,土壤总养分(氮磷钾)相对初始增加134.21mg/kg.此外,秸秆降解菌剂接种后其中的Aspergillus能够在秸秆还田过程中成为优势菌属,并诱导了Alcaligenes、Ensifer和Brevundimonas等具有木质纤维素降解功能的土著微生物显著富集;菌肥联用还提高土壤中蔗糖酶、脲酶和中性磷酸酶等碳、氮和磷转化的关键酶活力,降低了病理营养型真菌总量,提升了土壤品质.综上所述,MC+OF是解决还田秸秆降解难、资源循环受阻的有效手段,对降低环境污染风险和实现生态环境可持续发展具有重要意义.This study established 4treatments,straw degradation microbial agent(MC),organic fertilizer(OF),MC+OF,and control check(CK),and conducted a 120 days straw returning experiment to analyze the impact of different treatments on straw decomposition rate,soil nutrients,and soil microecology.The results demonstrated that the MC+OF treatment significantly improved the straw returning rate,especially enhanced the lignin degradation of stubborn components in the straw.After 120 days,the MC+OF group showed significantly higher rates of hemicellulose,cellulose,lignin degradation,and strawweight loss compared with other treatments,with increases ranging from 2.87%to 11.78%,3.20%to 10.59%,6.00%to 32.97%,and 9.49%to 26.77%respectively(P<0.05).The total amount of humus reached 70.39g/kg,a 24.87%increase compared with the CK;additionally,soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon increased by 33.39%and 62.00%,respectively,from their initial levels,while soil total nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium)increased relatively by 134.21mg/kg.The combination of microbial and organic fertilizers also enhanced the activity of invertase,urease,and neutral phosphatase in the soil.Moreover,microorganisms such as Aspergillus in the MC treatment became dominant genera during the straw returning process,induced a significant enrichment of indigenous microorganisms with lignocellulose degradation functions like Alcaligenes,Ensifer,and Brevundimonas.The combination of microbial and organic fertilizers decreased the total amount of pathogenic saprophytic fungi in the soil and improved soil quality.These results indicate the immense potential of MC+OF in accelerating the recycling and utilization of straw resources.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 秸秆降解菌剂 有机肥 土壤养分 土壤微生态 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]