电镀工业污染土壤中PFASs的污染特征及健康风险  

Occurrence and probabilistic health risk assessment of PFASs in electroplating contaminated soil

作　　者：马琳 王观送 姜林 夏天翔 张文毓 钟茂生 梁竞 李吉鸿 杨硕 MA Lin;WANG Guan-song;JIANG Lin;XIA Tian-xiang;ZHANG Wen-yu;ZHONG Mao-sheng;LIANG Jing;LI Ji-hong;YANG Shuo(Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites,National Engineering Research Centre for Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点实验室,北京100037 [2]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第2期925-934,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(412177404);北京市生态环境保护科学研究院基金资助项目(Y2022-006)。

摘　　要：电镀工业是环境中全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)的重要来源之一,因此,本文选择华北某搬迁电镀企业检测土壤样品中PFASs,采用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)模拟方法评估土壤PFASs对人群的概率健康风险,并进行筛选值的分析.结果表明,共有8种PFASs检出,检出率范围为0~89%,浓度范围为n.d.~388ng/g,全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)为浓度和检出率最高的PFASs.厂区土壤PFASs的空间分布与生产单元的分布具有一定相关性,镀铬车间土壤样品检出PFASs种类数量高于其他采样点,PFASs的总浓度显著高于其他样品(P<0.05),除PFOS浓度(388ng/g)高于其他采样点之外,全氟己烷磺酸(PFHx S)的浓度也相对较高(7.07ng/g).不同暴露途径摄入量分析结果表明,PFASs经口暴露量占总暴露量的75.2%~77.6%.全氟辛酸(PFOA)的致癌风险水平为6.22×10^(-11),致癌风险较低.土壤中PFOS的风险商大于1,对人体具有不可忽视的非致癌风险,其他检出的PFASs非致癌风险较低.对PFASs非致癌风险水平进行概率分析,PFOS风险商的范围为0.731~5.38,95%分位数为3.85,其他PFASs风险商的95%分位数的范围为8.77×10^(-6)~0.0137.PFASs的土壤筛选值范围为78~38826ng/g,其中PFOS筛选值最低,为78ng/g.Electroplating is one of the most significant sources of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)in the environment.In this study,the occurrence of PFASs in soil of a relocated electroplating plant was analyzed.The probabilistic health risk was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation,and the soil screening levels of PFASs were suggested.The soil samples were detected with 8PFASs,and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)was detected with the highest detection frequency of 89%and concentration of 388ng/g among the targeted PFASs.The distribution of PFASs in soil was impacted by the locations of production units.The total concentration and concentrations of single PFAS such as PFOS,perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHxS)were significantly higher in soil at chromium plating department(P<0.05).Intake through human oral exposure of soil PFASs accounted for 75.2%~77.6%.Carcinogenic risk of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)was 6.22×10^(-11),showing no carcinogenic risk in soil.Non carcinogenic risk quotient of PFOS was larger than 1based on the deterministic values of the exposure factors,while other PFASs showed no non carcinogenic risk.Monte Carlo simulation showed that the risk quotient of PFOS ranged from 0.731 to 5.38,with 95%quantile being 3.85.The 95%quantile values of risk quotient of other PFASs were between 8.77×10^(-6)and 0.0137.The soil screening levels of targeted PFASs ranged from 78 to 38826ng/g,and PFOS was found to have the most strict level of 78ng/g.

关 键 词：全氟和多氟烷基物质 土壤 赋存 概率健康风险 筛选值 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]